HEALTH BENEFITS OF COFFEE
Caffeine is considered to be the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world
and about 80% of adult individuals use caffeine-containing foods and beverages.
Coffee is a powerful stimulant and its popularity results from this quality. Some
marketers promote, caffeine as an important factor in the development of, and also the
protection from, cancer, neurological disorders and gallbladder stones. However,
caffeine also has deleterious effects and can cause a wide range of side effects, either
due to abuse or due to abrupt discontinuation of its use. [5]
Coffee is the major source of dietary antioxidants.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF COFFEE
Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of
chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Unfiltered coffee is a significant source of cafestol and
kahweol, which are diterpenes that have been implicated in the cholesterol-raising
effects of coffee. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee
consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes
mellitus [10, 11], Parkinson's disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma). [8, 12]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
A study of 125,580 people, researchers at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in
Oakland, California, finds drinking coffee cuts the risk of cirrhosis of the liver from
alcohol -- by 22 percent per cup each day. But, ingredient(s) give(s) such protection are
not identified. [1] A recent study suggests that coffee and caffeine consumption can
reduce the risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase activity in individuals at high risk
for liver disease. [9]
This protective effect was not found among tea drinkers. [1]
Another study showed that instant coffee had a protective role in acute liver injury
induced by carbon tetrachloride, but did not affect steatosis. [3]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND WEIGHT GAIN
In a study of 41,836 postmenopausal women aged 55-69, consumption of 1-3 cups of
coffee may inhibit inflammation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other
inflammatory diseases in postmenopausal women. [4]
Increases in caffeine intake may lead to a small reduction in long-term weight gain,
based on a 12 year study of 18 417 men and 39 740 women. [6]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CANCER RISK
In a study of women, reseachers found that daily coffee drinkers had a reduced risk in
comparison with individuals who never or rarely drank coffee. [7]
STUDIES: COFFEE SIDE EFFECTS
For adults consuming moderate amounts of coffee (3-4 cups/d providing 300-400 mg/d
of caffeine), there is little evidence of health risks and some evidence of health benefits.
[8]
Coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk
factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little
evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. [8]
Some groups, including people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the
elderly, may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of caffeine. [8]
Currently available evidence suggests that it may be prudent for pregnant women to
limit coffee consumption to 3 cups/d providing no more than 300 mg/d of caffeine to
exclude any increased probability of spontaneous abortion or impaired fetal growth. [8]
In a study of 31,527 Swedish women aged 40-76 years, a daily intake of 330 mg of
caffeine, equivalent to 4 cups (600 ml) of coffee, or more may be associated with a
modestly increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, especially in women with a low intake
of calcium. [2]
A case-control study provides evidence for an increased risk of myocardial infarction or
unstable angina among individuals drinking more than five cups of coffee per day. [13]
ALL RIGHT RESERVED 2006 ZHION. DO NOT COPY NOR TRANSFER THE CONTENT TO OTHER
WEBSITES NOR OTHER PUBLICATIONS. CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR, IF YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS. THIS ARTICLE CAN BE USED AS REFERENCE ONLY.
[1] Coffee may cut alcohol liver damage Reuters June 12 2006. [2] Hallstrom H, Coffee, tea and
caffeine consumption in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk in a cohort of Swedish women.
Osteoporos Int. 2006 Jul;17(7):1055-64. Epub 2006 May 4. [3] Ozercan IH, et al, Does instant
coffee prevent acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))?Hepatol Res. 2006 May
30. [4] Andersen LF et al, Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death
attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study.Am J
Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. [5] Iancu I, Strous RD.Caffeine intoxication: history, clinical
features, diagnosis and treatmentHarefuah. 2006 Feb;145(2):147-51, 163-4. [6] Lopez-Garcia
E,Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women.Am J Clin Nutr.
2006 Mar;83(3):674-80. [7] Oba S et al, The relationship between the consumption of meat, fat,
and coffee and the risk of colon cancer: A prospective study in Japan.Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 3. [8]
Higdon JV, Frei B.Coffee and health: a review of recent human research.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.
2006;46(2):101-23. [9] Homan DJ, Mobarhan S. Coffee: good, bad, or just fun? A critical review of
coffee's effects on liver enzymes.Nutr Rev. 2006 Jan;64(1):43-6. [10] Bidel S et al, Effects of
coffee consumption on glucose tolerance, serum glucose and insulin levels--a cross-sectional
analysis.Horm Metab Res. 2006 Jan;38(1):38-43. [11] van Dam RM Coffee, caffeine, and risk of
type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study in younger and middle-aged U.S. women. Diabetes
Care. 2006 Feb;29(2):398-403. [12] Ruhl CE, Everhart JE.Coffee and tea consumption are
associated with a lower incidence of chronic liver disease in the United States.Gastroenterology.
2005 Dec;129(6):1928-36. [12] Tofler OB, Foy S, Ng K, Hickey G, Burke V. Coffee and coronary
heart disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.[13] Tofler OB, Coffee and coronary heart
disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.
Caffeine is considered to be the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world
and about 80% of adult individuals use caffeine-containing foods and beverages.
Coffee is a powerful stimulant and its popularity results from this quality. Some
marketers promote, caffeine as an important factor in the development of, and also the
protection from, cancer, neurological disorders and gallbladder stones. However,
caffeine also has deleterious effects and can cause a wide range of side effects, either
due to abuse or due to abrupt discontinuation of its use. [5]
Coffee is the major source of dietary antioxidants.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF COFFEE
Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of
chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Unfiltered coffee is a significant source of cafestol and
kahweol, which are diterpenes that have been implicated in the cholesterol-raising
effects of coffee. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee
consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes
mellitus [10, 11], Parkinson's disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma). [8, 12]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
A study of 125,580 people, researchers at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in
Oakland, California, finds drinking coffee cuts the risk of cirrhosis of the liver from
alcohol -- by 22 percent per cup each day. But, ingredient(s) give(s) such protection are
not identified. [1] A recent study suggests that coffee and caffeine consumption can
reduce the risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase activity in individuals at high risk
for liver disease. [9]
This protective effect was not found among tea drinkers. [1]
Another study showed that instant coffee had a protective role in acute liver injury
induced by carbon tetrachloride, but did not affect steatosis. [3]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND WEIGHT GAIN
In a study of 41,836 postmenopausal women aged 55-69, consumption of 1-3 cups of
coffee may inhibit inflammation and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other
inflammatory diseases in postmenopausal women. [4]
Increases in caffeine intake may lead to a small reduction in long-term weight gain,
based on a 12 year study of 18 417 men and 39 740 women. [6]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CANCER RISK
In a study of women, reseachers found that daily coffee drinkers had a reduced risk in
comparison with individuals who never or rarely drank coffee. [7]
STUDIES: COFFEE SIDE EFFECTS
For adults consuming moderate amounts of coffee (3-4 cups/d providing 300-400 mg/d
of caffeine), there is little evidence of health risks and some evidence of health benefits.
[8]
Coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk
factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little
evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. [8]
Some groups, including people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the
elderly, may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of caffeine. [8]
Currently available evidence suggests that it may be prudent for pregnant women to
limit coffee consumption to 3 cups/d providing no more than 300 mg/d of caffeine to
exclude any increased probability of spontaneous abortion or impaired fetal growth. [8]
In a study of 31,527 Swedish women aged 40-76 years, a daily intake of 330 mg of
caffeine, equivalent to 4 cups (600 ml) of coffee, or more may be associated with a
modestly increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, especially in women with a low intake
of calcium. [2]
A case-control study provides evidence for an increased risk of myocardial infarction or
unstable angina among individuals drinking more than five cups of coffee per day. [13]
ALL RIGHT RESERVED 2006 ZHION. DO NOT COPY NOR TRANSFER THE CONTENT TO OTHER
WEBSITES NOR OTHER PUBLICATIONS. CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR, IF YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS. THIS ARTICLE CAN BE USED AS REFERENCE ONLY.
[1] Coffee may cut alcohol liver damage Reuters June 12 2006. [2] Hallstrom H, Coffee, tea and
caffeine consumption in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk in a cohort of Swedish women.
Osteoporos Int. 2006 Jul;17(7):1055-64. Epub 2006 May 4. [3] Ozercan IH, et al, Does instant
coffee prevent acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))?Hepatol Res. 2006 May
30. [4] Andersen LF et al, Consumption of coffee is associated with reduced risk of death
attributed to inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study.Am J
Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. [5] Iancu I, Strous RD.Caffeine intoxication: history, clinical
features, diagnosis and treatmentHarefuah. 2006 Feb;145(2):147-51, 163-4. [6] Lopez-Garcia
E,Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women.Am J Clin Nutr.
2006 Mar;83(3):674-80. [7] Oba S et al, The relationship between the consumption of meat, fat,
and coffee and the risk of colon cancer: A prospective study in Japan.Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 3. [8]
Higdon JV, Frei B.Coffee and health: a review of recent human research.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.
2006;46(2):101-23. [9] Homan DJ, Mobarhan S. Coffee: good, bad, or just fun? A critical review of
coffee's effects on liver enzymes.Nutr Rev. 2006 Jan;64(1):43-6. [10] Bidel S et al, Effects of
coffee consumption on glucose tolerance, serum glucose and insulin levels--a cross-sectional
analysis.Horm Metab Res. 2006 Jan;38(1):38-43. [11] van Dam RM Coffee, caffeine, and risk of
type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study in younger and middle-aged U.S. women. Diabetes
Care. 2006 Feb;29(2):398-403. [12] Ruhl CE, Everhart JE.Coffee and tea consumption are
associated with a lower incidence of chronic liver disease in the United States.Gastroenterology.
2005 Dec;129(6):1928-36. [12] Tofler OB, Foy S, Ng K, Hickey G, Burke V. Coffee and coronary
heart disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.[13] Tofler OB, Coffee and coronary heart
disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.