| Orange Health Benefits, Side Effects and Nutrition Facts December 4, 2011 |
Reference:
[1] Miyagi Y, et al, Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced colon cancer by orange juice.Nutr Cancer. 2000;36(2):224-9.
[2] Xu GP, et al, Effects of fruit juices, processed vegetable juice, orange peel and green tea on endogenous
formation of N-nitrosoproline in subjects from a high-risk area for gastric cancer in Moping County, China.Eur J
Cancer Prev. 1993 Jul;2(4):327-35. [3] Devaraj S, et al, Plant sterol-fortified orange juice effectively lowers
cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic healthy individuals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004
Mar;24(3):e25-8. Epub 2004 Feb 5. [4] Kurowska EM, et al, HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects
with hypercholesterolemia.Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;72(5):1095-100. [5] Gonzalez M et al, Effects of orange and
apple pectin on cholesterol concentration in serum, liver and faeces.J Physiol Biochem. 1998 Jun;54(2):99-104. [6]
Milenkovic D, et al, Hesperidin displays relevant role in the nutrigenomic effect of orange juice on blood leukocytes in
human volunteers: a randomized controlled cross-over study. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e26669. [7] McTavish L, et al,
Effective treatment of hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Pediatr
Diabetes. 2011 Jun;12(4 Pt 2):381-7. [8] Unno K, et al, Beta-cryptoxanthin, plentiful in Japanese mandarin orange,
prevents age-related cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in senescence-accelerated mouse brain. Biol
Pharm Bull. 2011 Mar;34(3):311-7. [9] Pak CY. Citrate and renal calculi: an update. Miner Electrolyte Metab.
1994;20(6):371-7. [10] Wabner CL, Pak CY. Effect of orange juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors. J Urol.
1993 Jun;149(6):1405-8. [11] Pattison DJ et al, Dietary beta-cryptoxanthin and inflammatory polyarthritis: results from
a population-based prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;82(2):451-5
[1] Miyagi Y, et al, Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced colon cancer by orange juice.Nutr Cancer. 2000;36(2):224-9.
[2] Xu GP, et al, Effects of fruit juices, processed vegetable juice, orange peel and green tea on endogenous
formation of N-nitrosoproline in subjects from a high-risk area for gastric cancer in Moping County, China.Eur J
Cancer Prev. 1993 Jul;2(4):327-35. [3] Devaraj S, et al, Plant sterol-fortified orange juice effectively lowers
cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic healthy individuals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004
Mar;24(3):e25-8. Epub 2004 Feb 5. [4] Kurowska EM, et al, HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects
with hypercholesterolemia.Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;72(5):1095-100. [5] Gonzalez M et al, Effects of orange and
apple pectin on cholesterol concentration in serum, liver and faeces.J Physiol Biochem. 1998 Jun;54(2):99-104. [6]
Milenkovic D, et al, Hesperidin displays relevant role in the nutrigenomic effect of orange juice on blood leukocytes in
human volunteers: a randomized controlled cross-over study. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e26669. [7] McTavish L, et al,
Effective treatment of hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Pediatr
Diabetes. 2011 Jun;12(4 Pt 2):381-7. [8] Unno K, et al, Beta-cryptoxanthin, plentiful in Japanese mandarin orange,
prevents age-related cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in senescence-accelerated mouse brain. Biol
Pharm Bull. 2011 Mar;34(3):311-7. [9] Pak CY. Citrate and renal calculi: an update. Miner Electrolyte Metab.
1994;20(6):371-7. [10] Wabner CL, Pak CY. Effect of orange juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors. J Urol.
1993 Jun;149(6):1405-8. [11] Pattison DJ et al, Dietary beta-cryptoxanthin and inflammatory polyarthritis: results from
a population-based prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;82(2):451-5
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Orange
Orange can be a color, a fruit or even a brand of France Telecom. In this website, orange refers to the fruit - orange. The orange is a hybrid of
possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata). Orange is an evergreen flowering tree with ovate leaves. The orange
fruit is a type of berry. Oranges probably originated in Southeast Asia and have been cultivated in China since 2500 BC. The fruit of Citrus sinensis
is called sweet orange to distinguish it from Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange. Navel oranges have a second fruit at the apex, this second fruit
protrudes slightly and resembles a human navel. Navel oranges have a thicker skin and they are less juicy. Blood oranges, which are very widely
grown in Spain and Italy, have dark red pigmentation. There are also acidless oranges, as they have low levels of acid. Thus, they are also called
"sweet" oranges in the US. Like all citrus fruits, the orange is acidic, its pH levels can be as low as 2.9. Oranges can be grown outdoors in warmer
climates, and indoors in cooler climates. Orange juice is one of the commodities traded and is made by squeezing the fruit on a juicer or a squeezer.
Sweet orange oil is a by-product of the juice industry produced by pressing the peel. It is used as a flavouring of food and drink and for its fragrance
in perfume and aromatherapy. Sweet orange oil consists of about 90% d-limonene, d-Limonene is slightly toxic to humans. However, limonene is
known as a chemopreventive agent with potential value as a dietary anti-cancer tool in humans. [Wikipedia.com]
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Orange can be a color, a fruit or even a brand of France Telecom. In this website, orange refers to the fruit - orange. The orange is a hybrid of
possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata). Orange is an evergreen flowering tree with ovate leaves. The orange
fruit is a type of berry. Oranges probably originated in Southeast Asia and have been cultivated in China since 2500 BC. The fruit of Citrus sinensis
is called sweet orange to distinguish it from Citrus aurantium, the bitter orange. Navel oranges have a second fruit at the apex, this second fruit
protrudes slightly and resembles a human navel. Navel oranges have a thicker skin and they are less juicy. Blood oranges, which are very widely
grown in Spain and Italy, have dark red pigmentation. There are also acidless oranges, as they have low levels of acid. Thus, they are also called
"sweet" oranges in the US. Like all citrus fruits, the orange is acidic, its pH levels can be as low as 2.9. Oranges can be grown outdoors in warmer
climates, and indoors in cooler climates. Orange juice is one of the commodities traded and is made by squeezing the fruit on a juicer or a squeezer.
Sweet orange oil is a by-product of the juice industry produced by pressing the peel. It is used as a flavouring of food and drink and for its fragrance
in perfume and aromatherapy. Sweet orange oil consists of about 90% d-limonene, d-Limonene is slightly toxic to humans. However, limonene is
known as a chemopreventive agent with potential value as a dietary anti-cancer tool in humans. [Wikipedia.com]
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
THE NUTRITION FACTS OF ORANGE
Oranges are highly valued for their vitamin C
content. It is a primary source of vitamin C for
potassium, thiamin, niacin and magnesium and
fiber.
Orange trees are evergreens, seldom exceeding
30 ft in height. The leaves are oval and glossy and
the flowers are white and fragrant. These
semitropical evergreens probably originated in
Southeast Asia. Columbus and other European
travelers brought sweet orange seed and
seedlings with them to the New World.
Varieties include the sweet orange, the sour
orange, and the mandarin orange, or tangerine.
The United States produces the sweet variety.
Spain produces the sour variety,
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Data from CDC 5 Day Fruit
Oranges are highly valued for their vitamin C
content. It is a primary source of vitamin C for
potassium, thiamin, niacin and magnesium and
fiber.
Orange trees are evergreens, seldom exceeding
30 ft in height. The leaves are oval and glossy and
the flowers are white and fragrant. These
semitropical evergreens probably originated in
Southeast Asia. Columbus and other European
travelers brought sweet orange seed and
seedlings with them to the New World.
Varieties include the sweet orange, the sour
orange, and the mandarin orange, or tangerine.
The United States produces the sweet variety.
Spain produces the sour variety,
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Data from CDC 5 Day Fruit
| Oranges Nutrition Facts Serving size 1 - medium (154g/5.5oz) |
Cancer
Drinking orange juice may benefit people at risk of certain cancers. Hesperidin, other flavonoids, limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and other
limonoid glucosides are potential chemopreventive agents in orange juice that could account for the decreased colon tumorigenesis associated with
feeding orange juice. Research has shown that hesperidin inhibits colon carcinogenesis and that feeding double-strength orange juice delays the
onset of chemically induced mammary cancer in rats. [1] In another study, intake of fruit juices and green tea extracts (containing 75 mg vitamin C)
or of orange peel powder (containing 3 mg vitamin C) together with 300 mg L-proline inhibited N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) formation effectively. Urinary
excretion of NPRO is considered as an indicator for stomach cancer. [2]
Cholesterol
In a 2-week study of 72 mildly hypercholesterolemic healthy subjects, Sterol Orange juice supplementation significantly decreased total (7.2%), LDL
(12.4%), and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (7.8%) compared with baseline and compared with placebo OJ (P<0.01). However,
there were no significant changes in HDL cholesterol or triglycerides with the Sterol Orange juice . [3] While, researchers from Canada found that
Orange juice (750 mL/d) improved blood lipid profiles in 25 hypercholesterolemic subjects, confirming recommendations to consume >/=5-10
servings of fruit and vegetables daily. [4] Finally, a rat study suggests that diets containing apple or orange pectin help decrease cholesterol levels
in liver and serum. [5] Thus, drinking orange juice may benefit people at risk of high cholesterol levels. [8]
Cognitive Functions
Increased oxidative stress is known to accelerate age-related pathologies. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a potent antioxidant that is highly rich in Satsuma
mandarin orange. In a study of senescence-accelerated mice, mandarin orange and beta-cryptoxanthin improved the learning ability of the mice
and lowered the level of DNA oxidative damage in the cerebral cortex. Senescence-accelerated mice has a short lifespan, high generation of
superoxide anions in the brain and poor learning ability with aging. [8] Thus, drinking orange juice may benefit people at risk of certain neural
diseases.
Diabetes
Orange juice carries sugar. Intake of orange juice is used for hypoglycemia (low glucose levels) in children with type 1 diabetes using a
weight-based protocol during diabetes camp. Jellybeans are less effective treatment for hypoglycemia than the other three treatments. Glucose
tablets, Mentos dragees® and orange juice are of similar efficacy. Treatment with 0.3 g/kg of carbohydrate (excluding jellybeans) effectively
resolved hypoglycemia in most children, with 15 min often required to normalize blood glucose. [7] Note, intake of orange juice is NOT a cure for
diabetes, this study indicates that researchers use it to raise the blood glucose level when the subjects are at low glucose levels.
Drinking orange juice may benefit people at risk of certain cancers. Hesperidin, other flavonoids, limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and other
limonoid glucosides are potential chemopreventive agents in orange juice that could account for the decreased colon tumorigenesis associated with
feeding orange juice. Research has shown that hesperidin inhibits colon carcinogenesis and that feeding double-strength orange juice delays the
onset of chemically induced mammary cancer in rats. [1] In another study, intake of fruit juices and green tea extracts (containing 75 mg vitamin C)
or of orange peel powder (containing 3 mg vitamin C) together with 300 mg L-proline inhibited N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) formation effectively. Urinary
excretion of NPRO is considered as an indicator for stomach cancer. [2]
Cholesterol
In a 2-week study of 72 mildly hypercholesterolemic healthy subjects, Sterol Orange juice supplementation significantly decreased total (7.2%), LDL
(12.4%), and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (7.8%) compared with baseline and compared with placebo OJ (P<0.01). However,
there were no significant changes in HDL cholesterol or triglycerides with the Sterol Orange juice . [3] While, researchers from Canada found that
Orange juice (750 mL/d) improved blood lipid profiles in 25 hypercholesterolemic subjects, confirming recommendations to consume >/=5-10
servings of fruit and vegetables daily. [4] Finally, a rat study suggests that diets containing apple or orange pectin help decrease cholesterol levels
in liver and serum. [5] Thus, drinking orange juice may benefit people at risk of high cholesterol levels. [8]
Cognitive Functions
Increased oxidative stress is known to accelerate age-related pathologies. Beta-cryptoxanthin is a potent antioxidant that is highly rich in Satsuma
mandarin orange. In a study of senescence-accelerated mice, mandarin orange and beta-cryptoxanthin improved the learning ability of the mice
and lowered the level of DNA oxidative damage in the cerebral cortex. Senescence-accelerated mice has a short lifespan, high generation of
superoxide anions in the brain and poor learning ability with aging. [8] Thus, drinking orange juice may benefit people at risk of certain neural
diseases.
Diabetes
Orange juice carries sugar. Intake of orange juice is used for hypoglycemia (low glucose levels) in children with type 1 diabetes using a
weight-based protocol during diabetes camp. Jellybeans are less effective treatment for hypoglycemia than the other three treatments. Glucose
tablets, Mentos dragees® and orange juice are of similar efficacy. Treatment with 0.3 g/kg of carbohydrate (excluding jellybeans) effectively
resolved hypoglycemia in most children, with 15 min often required to normalize blood glucose. [7] Note, intake of orange juice is NOT a cure for
diabetes, this study indicates that researchers use it to raise the blood glucose level when the subjects are at low glucose levels.
Different people may experience different side effects and benefits of eating orange. You are encouraged to report
adverse side effects to FDA, its website is www.fda.gov. There are always new information. Please, send me an
email (zhion@zhion.com) to correct my mistake(s). Reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document and
the information provided herein is believed to be accurate. The information is not intended to be a substitute for
professional medical advice. It is important to seek the advice of a physician about any medical condition or symptom
or the benefits and side effects of any oral product. Finally, please, do not transfer the article to other website.
Thank you. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
________________________________________________________________________________________
adverse side effects to FDA, its website is www.fda.gov. There are always new information. Please, send me an
email (zhion@zhion.com) to correct my mistake(s). Reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document and
the information provided herein is believed to be accurate. The information is not intended to be a substitute for
professional medical advice. It is important to seek the advice of a physician about any medical condition or symptom
or the benefits and side effects of any oral product. Finally, please, do not transfer the article to other website.
Thank you. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
________________________________________________________________________________________
Orange Benefits
In addition to its nutrition facts, orange makes the perfect snack. Research studies show that oranges have a wide
variety of phytonutrients. They include citrus flavanones, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and a variety of
polyphenols. Some studies have shown herperidin (a flavanone) may have the benefits of blood pressure and
cholesterol lowering effects. However, most of these phytonutrients locate in the peel and inner white pulp of the
orange.
Cardiovascular Disease
Orange may provide health benefits on those at risk of certain cardiovascular disease. Orange juice decreases
diastolic blood pressure and significantly improves postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity and that hesperidin
could be causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. [6]
In addition to its nutrition facts, orange makes the perfect snack. Research studies show that oranges have a wide
variety of phytonutrients. They include citrus flavanones, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and a variety of
polyphenols. Some studies have shown herperidin (a flavanone) may have the benefits of blood pressure and
cholesterol lowering effects. However, most of these phytonutrients locate in the peel and inner white pulp of the
orange.
Cardiovascular Disease
Orange may provide health benefits on those at risk of certain cardiovascular disease. Orange juice decreases
diastolic blood pressure and significantly improves postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity and that hesperidin
could be causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. [6]
Inflammation
A clinical study shows that regular consumption of orange juice for 4 weeks alters leukocyte gene expression to an
anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic profile, and hesperidin may contribute this health benefit. [6]
Kidney Stones
Citrate is an inhibitor of the crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts. Hypocitraturia, frequently encountered in
patients with nephrolithiasis, is therefore an important risk factor for stone formation. Potassium citrate provides
physiological and physicochemical correction and inhibits new stone formation. [9] The value of orange juice
consumption in kidney stone prevention was examined in 8 healthy men and 3 men with documented hypocitraturic
nephrolithiasis. They underwent 3 phases of a metabolic study, a placebo phase and 2 treatment phases in which they
ingested either 1.2 l. orange juice (containing 60 mEq. potassium and 190 mEq. citrate per day) with meals or
potassium citrate tablets (60 mEq. per day) with water and meals. Compared to potassium citrate, orange juice
delivered an equivalent alkali load and caused a similar increase in urinary pH and urinary citrate. Therefore, orange
juice, like potassium citrate, decreased urinary undissociated uric acid levels and increased the inhibitor activity
(formation product) of brushite (calcium phosphate). However, orange juice increased urinary oxalate and did not alter
calcium excretion, whereas potassium citrate decreased urinary calcium without altering urinary oxalate. Thus, orange
juice lacked the ability of potassium citrate to decrease urinary saturation of calcium oxalate. Overall, orange juice
should be beneficial in the control of calcareous and uric acid nephrolithiasis. [10] Thus, the benefit of orange juice on
kidney stone may be overestimated.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A study shows a modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice
per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. [11]
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Orange Side Effects
Fructose-rich beverages such as sugar-sweetened soda and orange juice can increase serum uric acid levels and,
thus, the risk of gout. In a study, compared with consumption of less than 1 serving per month of sugar-sweetened
soda, the multivariate relative risk of gout for 1 serving per day was 1.74 and for 2 or more servings per day was 2.39.
The corresponding relative risks for orange juice were 1.41 and 2.42. Thus, the side effect of drinking orange juice is
gout.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
A clinical study shows that regular consumption of orange juice for 4 weeks alters leukocyte gene expression to an
anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic profile, and hesperidin may contribute this health benefit. [6]
Kidney Stones
Citrate is an inhibitor of the crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts. Hypocitraturia, frequently encountered in
patients with nephrolithiasis, is therefore an important risk factor for stone formation. Potassium citrate provides
physiological and physicochemical correction and inhibits new stone formation. [9] The value of orange juice
consumption in kidney stone prevention was examined in 8 healthy men and 3 men with documented hypocitraturic
nephrolithiasis. They underwent 3 phases of a metabolic study, a placebo phase and 2 treatment phases in which they
ingested either 1.2 l. orange juice (containing 60 mEq. potassium and 190 mEq. citrate per day) with meals or
potassium citrate tablets (60 mEq. per day) with water and meals. Compared to potassium citrate, orange juice
delivered an equivalent alkali load and caused a similar increase in urinary pH and urinary citrate. Therefore, orange
juice, like potassium citrate, decreased urinary undissociated uric acid levels and increased the inhibitor activity
(formation product) of brushite (calcium phosphate). However, orange juice increased urinary oxalate and did not alter
calcium excretion, whereas potassium citrate decreased urinary calcium without altering urinary oxalate. Thus, orange
juice lacked the ability of potassium citrate to decrease urinary saturation of calcium oxalate. Overall, orange juice
should be beneficial in the control of calcareous and uric acid nephrolithiasis. [10] Thus, the benefit of orange juice on
kidney stone may be overestimated.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A study shows a modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice
per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. [11]
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Orange Side Effects
Fructose-rich beverages such as sugar-sweetened soda and orange juice can increase serum uric acid levels and,
thus, the risk of gout. In a study, compared with consumption of less than 1 serving per month of sugar-sweetened
soda, the multivariate relative risk of gout for 1 serving per day was 1.74 and for 2 or more servings per day was 2.39.
The corresponding relative risks for orange juice were 1.41 and 2.42. Thus, the side effect of drinking orange juice is
gout.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________