Rutin is a flavonol glycoside consisting quercetin and rutinose.
It is a yellow, tasteless power. Rutin can be found in
buckwheat, asparagus, tomato, orange, carrot, sweet potato,
black tea and apple peels. [14, 15] It may benefit people at
risk of arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure and cancers.
Rutin shows benefits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Indian researchers reported that rutin administration to
streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats decreased plasma
glucose and increased plasma insulin levels. They further
demonstrated a protective effects of rutin on the kidney of
STZ-induced diabetic rats via a modulation of
metalloproteinase levels in the kidney and a reduction of
plasma glucose levels. [1,2]
Rutin may have benefits of blood pressure lowering – in vitro
studies.
Researchers constricted isolated rat thoracic aortas with
phenylephrine and then treated with quercetin and rutin. They
observed that quercetin caused vaso-relaxation of the
preconstricted aorta ring with or without endothelium intact.
While, Rutin also caused vaso-relaxation in pre-constricted
endothelium-intact rings, however not in aorta rings without
endothelium. They also found that the vasodilatation effect of
quercetin is more potent than rutin. [3]
Rutin inhibited the activation of phospholipase C, followed by
inhibition of protein kinase C activity and thromboxane A(2)
formation, thereby leading to inhibition of the phosphorylation
of P47 and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, finally resulting in
inhibition of platelet aggregation. [4,11]
Rutin may have benefit on inflammation.
Indian researchers rendered diabetes in rats by a single
intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After the
injection, they observed a significant increase in the levels of
fasting plasma glucose, lipid peroxidative products
(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid
hydroperoxides and a significant decrease in plasma insulin,
enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase,
glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and
nonenzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and
E) in liver, kidney and brain.
Oral administration of rutin for a period of 45 days significantly
decreased fasting plasma glucose, increased insulin levels and
improved the antioxidant status of diabetic rats by decreasing
lipid peroxidative products and increasing enzymic and
nonenzymic antioxidants. Histopathological studies of the liver,
kidney and brain showed the protective role of rutin. [9]
Rutin and harmaline have shown some beneficial protective
effects against reflux oesophagitis by the inhibition of gastric
acid secretion, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine
production (i.e. [interleukin-1beta), and intracellular calcium
mobilization in polymorphonucleocytes in rats. [5]
In an animal study, oral administration of rutin reduced rat
paw swelling starting 2 hours after lambda-carrageenan
injection. Lambda-carrageenan is known to cause local
oedema. Researchers also found that rutin inhibited elastase
exocytosis and reduced the polymorphonuclear neutrophils
chemotaxis to fMet-Leu-Phe significantly. [6]
Orally administered rutin has been shown to ameliorate 2,4,6-
trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis of rats.
Researchers found that the rutin was deglycosylated to
liberate quercetin in the cecal contents. Quercetin inhibited an
inflammatory signal TNF-alpha-dependent NFkappaB activation
dose-proportionally. [7]
Rutin may help arthritis.
The anti-inflammatory activities of three flavonoids were
investigated in rats using the Mizushima et al. model of acute
and chronic inflammation. Intraperitoneal administration of
rutin, quercetin (flavonols) and hesperidin (flavanone), given at
daily doses equivalent to 80 mg/kg, inhibited both acute and
chronic phases of this experimental model of inflammation.
Rutin was the most active in the chronic phase. [16]
Rutin may have the benefits of cutting cancer risks – anti-
cancer activities.
Rutin may be useful for the prevention and treatment of
inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinogenesis via
attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production according
to a study of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced
experimental colitis in mice. [8]
In an in vitro study, rutin treatment showed a reduction in
growth and invasion index of B16F10 melanoma cells. [13]
Rutin shows heart protection in an animal study.
Subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol to male Wistar rats at
an interval of 24 h for two days showed a significant increase
in the activities of serum cardiac marker enzymes (creatine
kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and
alanine transaminase) and a significant decrease in the
activities of these enzymes in the heart. In addition,
researchers also noticed a significant increase in lipid
peroxidase products such as thiobarbituricacid reactive
substances and lipid hydroperoxide and a significant decrease
in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the
isoproterenol-treated rats. However, pretreatment with rutin
to isoproterenol-treated rats orally for a period of 42 days
daily caused a significant antioxidant effects. [10]
In an another study, researchers induced diabetes in rats by
streptozotocin and they observed left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction and high myocardial fructose levels after 12 weeks
of the study. However, researchers quercetin and rutin
treatment allowed decreased myocardial fructose levels,
probably, via its aldose reductase inhibitory activities. Thus,
rutin has cardiac protection activities in diabetic rats.[12]
Rutin may have benefits of cholesterol-lowering effects
It has been observed that rutin reduced the levels of total
cholesterol significantly in chicken. [17]
THIS ARTICLE IS FOR YOUR REFERENCE ONLY. DISCUSS WITH YOUR DOCTOR
FOR ADVICE AND QUESTIONS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ZHION 2008
[1] Kamalakkannan N, et al, The influence of rutin on the extracellular matrix
in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney.. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;58
(8):1091-8. [2] Stanley Mainzen Prince P, et al, Rutin improves glucose
homeostasis in streptozotocin diabetic tissues by altering glycolytic and
gluconeogenic enzymes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2006;20(2):96-102. [3] Zhou
XM, et al, Comparison of vasodilatation effect between quercetin and rutin in
the isolated rat thoracic aortaZhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2006 Jan;35
(1):29-33. [4] Sheu JR, et al, Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity
of rutin, a glycoside of the flavonol quercetin, in human platelets. J Agric Food
Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4414-8. [5] Shin YK, et al, Effects of rutin and
harmaline on rat reflux oesophagitis. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2002 Feb;22
(1):47-55. [6] Selloum L, Anti-inflammatory effect of rutin on rat paw oedema,
and on neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2003
Mar;54(4):313-8. [7] Kim H, Metabolic and pharmacological properties of rutin,
a dietary quercetin glycoside, for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Pharm Res. 2005 Sep;22(9):1499-509. Epub 2005 Aug 24. [8] Kwon KH, et al,
Dietary rutin, but not its aglycone quercetin, ameliorates dextran sulfate
sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice: attenuation of pro-inflammatory
gene expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Feb 1;69(3):395-406. Epub 2004
Dec 15. [9] Kamalakkannan N, Prince PS. Rutin improves the antioxidant status
in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat tissues. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jun 20.
[10] Karthick M, et al, Preventive effect of rutin, a bioflavonoid, on lipid
peroxides and antioxidants in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in
rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 May;58(5):701-7. [11] Chen WM, et al,
Experimental study on inhibitory effect of rutin against platelet activation
induced by platelet activating factor in rabbitsZhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za
Zhi. 2002 Apr;22(4):283-5. [12] Krishna KM, et al, Partial reversal by rutin and
quercetin of impaired cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;83(4):343-55. [13] Martinez Conesa C, et
al, Treatment of metastatic melanoma B16F10 by the flavonoids tangeretin,
rutin, and diosmin. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Aug 24;53(17):6791-7. [14]
Fabjan N, et al, Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) as a source
of dietary rutin and quercitrin. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Oct 22;51(22):6452-5.
[15] Wang M. et al, Quantification of protodioscin and rutin in asparagus
shoots by LC/MS and HPLC methods. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Oct 8;51(21):
6132-6. [16] Guardia T, et al, Anti-inflammatory properties of plant flavonoids.
Effects of rutin, quercetin and hesperidin on adjuvant arthritis in rat. Farmaco.
2001 Sep;56(9):683-7. [17] da Silva RR, et la, Hypocholesterolemic effect of
naringin and rutin flavonoidsArch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Sep;51(3):258-64.
It is a yellow, tasteless power. Rutin can be found in
buckwheat, asparagus, tomato, orange, carrot, sweet potato,
black tea and apple peels. [14, 15] It may benefit people at
risk of arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure and cancers.
Rutin shows benefits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Indian researchers reported that rutin administration to
streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats decreased plasma
glucose and increased plasma insulin levels. They further
demonstrated a protective effects of rutin on the kidney of
STZ-induced diabetic rats via a modulation of
metalloproteinase levels in the kidney and a reduction of
plasma glucose levels. [1,2]
Rutin may have benefits of blood pressure lowering – in vitro
studies.
Researchers constricted isolated rat thoracic aortas with
phenylephrine and then treated with quercetin and rutin. They
observed that quercetin caused vaso-relaxation of the
preconstricted aorta ring with or without endothelium intact.
While, Rutin also caused vaso-relaxation in pre-constricted
endothelium-intact rings, however not in aorta rings without
endothelium. They also found that the vasodilatation effect of
quercetin is more potent than rutin. [3]
Rutin inhibited the activation of phospholipase C, followed by
inhibition of protein kinase C activity and thromboxane A(2)
formation, thereby leading to inhibition of the phosphorylation
of P47 and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, finally resulting in
inhibition of platelet aggregation. [4,11]
Rutin may have benefit on inflammation.
Indian researchers rendered diabetes in rats by a single
intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After the
injection, they observed a significant increase in the levels of
fasting plasma glucose, lipid peroxidative products
(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid
hydroperoxides and a significant decrease in plasma insulin,
enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase,
glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and
nonenzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and
E) in liver, kidney and brain.
Oral administration of rutin for a period of 45 days significantly
decreased fasting plasma glucose, increased insulin levels and
improved the antioxidant status of diabetic rats by decreasing
lipid peroxidative products and increasing enzymic and
nonenzymic antioxidants. Histopathological studies of the liver,
kidney and brain showed the protective role of rutin. [9]
Rutin and harmaline have shown some beneficial protective
effects against reflux oesophagitis by the inhibition of gastric
acid secretion, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine
production (i.e. [interleukin-1beta), and intracellular calcium
mobilization in polymorphonucleocytes in rats. [5]
In an animal study, oral administration of rutin reduced rat
paw swelling starting 2 hours after lambda-carrageenan
injection. Lambda-carrageenan is known to cause local
oedema. Researchers also found that rutin inhibited elastase
exocytosis and reduced the polymorphonuclear neutrophils
chemotaxis to fMet-Leu-Phe significantly. [6]
Orally administered rutin has been shown to ameliorate 2,4,6-
trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis of rats.
Researchers found that the rutin was deglycosylated to
liberate quercetin in the cecal contents. Quercetin inhibited an
inflammatory signal TNF-alpha-dependent NFkappaB activation
dose-proportionally. [7]
Rutin may help arthritis.
The anti-inflammatory activities of three flavonoids were
investigated in rats using the Mizushima et al. model of acute
and chronic inflammation. Intraperitoneal administration of
rutin, quercetin (flavonols) and hesperidin (flavanone), given at
daily doses equivalent to 80 mg/kg, inhibited both acute and
chronic phases of this experimental model of inflammation.
Rutin was the most active in the chronic phase. [16]
Rutin may have the benefits of cutting cancer risks – anti-
cancer activities.
Rutin may be useful for the prevention and treatment of
inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinogenesis via
attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production according
to a study of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced
experimental colitis in mice. [8]
In an in vitro study, rutin treatment showed a reduction in
growth and invasion index of B16F10 melanoma cells. [13]
Rutin shows heart protection in an animal study.
Subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol to male Wistar rats at
an interval of 24 h for two days showed a significant increase
in the activities of serum cardiac marker enzymes (creatine
kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and
alanine transaminase) and a significant decrease in the
activities of these enzymes in the heart. In addition,
researchers also noticed a significant increase in lipid
peroxidase products such as thiobarbituricacid reactive
substances and lipid hydroperoxide and a significant decrease
in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the
isoproterenol-treated rats. However, pretreatment with rutin
to isoproterenol-treated rats orally for a period of 42 days
daily caused a significant antioxidant effects. [10]
In an another study, researchers induced diabetes in rats by
streptozotocin and they observed left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction and high myocardial fructose levels after 12 weeks
of the study. However, researchers quercetin and rutin
treatment allowed decreased myocardial fructose levels,
probably, via its aldose reductase inhibitory activities. Thus,
rutin has cardiac protection activities in diabetic rats.[12]
Rutin may have benefits of cholesterol-lowering effects
It has been observed that rutin reduced the levels of total
cholesterol significantly in chicken. [17]
THIS ARTICLE IS FOR YOUR REFERENCE ONLY. DISCUSS WITH YOUR DOCTOR
FOR ADVICE AND QUESTIONS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ZHION 2008
[1] Kamalakkannan N, et al, The influence of rutin on the extracellular matrix
in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney.. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;58
(8):1091-8. [2] Stanley Mainzen Prince P, et al, Rutin improves glucose
homeostasis in streptozotocin diabetic tissues by altering glycolytic and
gluconeogenic enzymes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2006;20(2):96-102. [3] Zhou
XM, et al, Comparison of vasodilatation effect between quercetin and rutin in
the isolated rat thoracic aortaZhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2006 Jan;35
(1):29-33. [4] Sheu JR, et al, Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity
of rutin, a glycoside of the flavonol quercetin, in human platelets. J Agric Food
Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4414-8. [5] Shin YK, et al, Effects of rutin and
harmaline on rat reflux oesophagitis. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2002 Feb;22
(1):47-55. [6] Selloum L, Anti-inflammatory effect of rutin on rat paw oedema,
and on neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2003
Mar;54(4):313-8. [7] Kim H, Metabolic and pharmacological properties of rutin,
a dietary quercetin glycoside, for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Pharm Res. 2005 Sep;22(9):1499-509. Epub 2005 Aug 24. [8] Kwon KH, et al,
Dietary rutin, but not its aglycone quercetin, ameliorates dextran sulfate
sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice: attenuation of pro-inflammatory
gene expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Feb 1;69(3):395-406. Epub 2004
Dec 15. [9] Kamalakkannan N, Prince PS. Rutin improves the antioxidant status
in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat tissues. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jun 20.
[10] Karthick M, et al, Preventive effect of rutin, a bioflavonoid, on lipid
peroxides and antioxidants in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in
rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 May;58(5):701-7. [11] Chen WM, et al,
Experimental study on inhibitory effect of rutin against platelet activation
induced by platelet activating factor in rabbitsZhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za
Zhi. 2002 Apr;22(4):283-5. [12] Krishna KM, et al, Partial reversal by rutin and
quercetin of impaired cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;83(4):343-55. [13] Martinez Conesa C, et
al, Treatment of metastatic melanoma B16F10 by the flavonoids tangeretin,
rutin, and diosmin. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Aug 24;53(17):6791-7. [14]
Fabjan N, et al, Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) as a source
of dietary rutin and quercitrin. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Oct 22;51(22):6452-5.
[15] Wang M. et al, Quantification of protodioscin and rutin in asparagus
shoots by LC/MS and HPLC methods. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Oct 8;51(21):
6132-6. [16] Guardia T, et al, Anti-inflammatory properties of plant flavonoids.
Effects of rutin, quercetin and hesperidin on adjuvant arthritis in rat. Farmaco.
2001 Sep;56(9):683-7. [17] da Silva RR, et la, Hypocholesterolemic effect of
naringin and rutin flavonoidsArch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Sep;51(3):258-64.
| RUTIN HEALTH BENEFITS |