| Lycopene September 2006 |
Supplementation of tomato products, containing lycopene, has been shown to
lower biomarkers of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis in healthy and type II
diabetic patients, and prostate cancer patients, respectively. [15] Lycopene
supplementation has also been shown to boost immune function [16].
Research studies have repeatedly demonstrated its possible benefits in the
chronic cardiovascular diseases via altering low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
oxidation
Some researchers further propose the potential health benefits of processed
tomato products like tomato juice, tomato paste, tomato puree, tomato ketchup
and tomato oleoresin. [A2]
Health Benefits of Lycopene
Studies show its benefits in cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
Sesso HD and co-workers at Harvard Medical School conducted a prospective,
nested, case-control study in 39,876 middle-aged and elderly women initially
free of CVD and cancer and observed that higher plasma lycopene
concentrations are associated with a lower risk of CVD in women [B1] On the
other hand, Rissanen TH with co-workers at University of Kuopio, Finland
noticed the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT)
would be greater in men with low serum lycopene concentrations. This finding
suggests that the serum lycopene concentration may play a role in the early
stages of atherosclerosis. [B2]
Ahuja KD and co-workers at University of Tasmania compared the effect of two
diets (a monounsaturated fat enriched olive oil diet and high carbohydrate low
olive oil diet), with controlled carotenoid content on serum lycopene, lipids and
susceptibility of serum to in vitro oxidation. Based on the experimental data,
they concluded that a high olive oil diet with high lycopene content could
reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by increasing serum lycopene levels
and improving serum lipid profile. [B3]
Agarwal S and co-workers at University of Toronto, found that dietary
supplementation of lycopene significantly increased serum lycopene levels by
at least twofold in 19 healthy human subjects. Although there was no change in
serum cholesterol levels (total, LDL, or high-density lipoprotein), serum lipid
peroxidation and LDL oxidation were significantly decreased. These results
may have relevance for decreasing the risk for coronary heart disease. [B4]
Studies show its benefits in various types of cancers.
Studies have demonstrated that the consumption of fresh and processed
tomato products is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer, cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical dysplasia, lung, stomach and breast cancers
[1-7]. Indeed, tomato is an excellent source of lycopene, polyphenols, folate,
vitamins A, C and E. Research shows that lycopene, the primary red carotenoid
in tomatoes, may be the major contributor for this health benefit [8].
In early 1990s, a study has already showed that lycopene was linked to lower
risk of prostate cancer [9]. In the study, subjects with the highest lycopene
consumption (at least 6.5 mg per day) showed a 21% decrease in the risk of
prostate cancer compared with those eating the least. However, other studies
found no protective association [10-14]. The conflicting data or inconclusive
results might be related to experimental design and dose forms.
Later on, researchers in Basil observed a decrease of 10.77% in
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with benign prostate
hyperplasia who ingested 50 g of tomato paste per day for 10 weeks in a study
of 43 men ranging in age from 45 to 75 years. [A3]
Herzog A et al feed young rats with 200 ppm lycopene for up to 8 wk, then they
found that lycopene accumulated in all four prostate lobes, with all-trans
lycopene being the predominant isoform. And, the lateral lobe showed a
significantly higher total lycopene content than the other prostate lobes.
Lycopene treatment significantly reduced gene expression of
androgen-metabolizing enzymes and androgen targets and transcript levels of
proinflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulins, and immunoglobulin receptors in
the lateral lobe. This indicates that lycopene reduced inflammatory signals in
the lateral prostate lobe. [T15]
Jian L et al, Curtin University of Technology, Australia, studied 130 cases to
determine whether dietary intake of lycopene and other carotenoids has an
etiological association with prostate cancer in Hangzhou, southeast China
during 2001-2002. They concluded that the prostate cancer risk declined with
increasing consumption of lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene,
beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, tomatoes, pumpkin, spinach, watermelon
and citrus fruits.
Thus, these results probably explain the epidemiologically observed prostate
cancer risk reduction by lycopene.
Similarly, lycopene also appears to be a breast cancer preventive
phytochemical candidate found in raw tomatoes and tomato-derived products.
French researchers observed that lycopene seems to exert regulation on
apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA repair mechanisms in their study using
oligonucleotide microarray approach. [A4]
Studies suggest lycopene consumption may benefit in osteoporosis.
A cross-sectional study of 33 postmenopausal women aged 50-60 years
showed that groups with higher lycopene intake had higher serum lycopene. A
higher serum lycopene was found to be associated with a low cross-linked
N-telopeptides of type I collagen and lower protein oxidation. Since the dietary
antioxidant lycopene reduces oxidative stress and the levels of bone turnover
markers in postmenopausal women, and may be beneficial in reducing the risk
of osteoporosis. [A1]
Supplementation of lycopene benefits skin conditions, according to a study.
A study of 38 volunteers with healthy, normal skin of skin type 2 demonstrated
that lycopene 12 week-supplementation improved roughness, scaling,
smoothness and wrinkling of the skin, according to Surface Evaluation of Living
Skin (Visioscan). [A5]
Supplementation of lycopene may help pre-eclampsia.
Indian researchers demonstrated that supplemental dietary antioxidants, such
as lycopene, may have a beneficial role in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in
women at high-risk for this condition, in a study of 50 healthy pregnant women
and 50 women with pre-eclampsia. [A6]
What are the side effects of lycopene? Is lycopene safe?
Ansari MS et al, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, evaluated the
efficacy of lycopene for the treatment of patients (median age 72; range 56-90)
with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) in 2001 and 2002.
After 12-72 weeks of study, they found no drug intolerance (i.e. side effects)
nor toxicity. They concluded that lycopene therapy appeared to be effective
and safe in the treatment of HRPC. [T16]
THIS ARTICLE IS FOR YOUR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR FOR ANY
QUESTIONS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2006 ZHION.
REFERENCES
1. Mills PK, Beeson WL, Phillips RL, Fraser GE. Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in
Adventist men. Cancer 1989;64:598-4.2. Tzonou A, Signorello LB, Lagiou P, et al. Diet and cancer of the
prostate: a case-control study in Greece. Int J Cancer 1999;80:704-8. 3. Franceshci S, Bidoli E, La
Vecchia C, et al. Tomatoes and risk of digestive-tract cancers. Int J Cancer 1994;59:181-4.4. Van Eenwyk
J, Davis FG, Bowne PE. Dietary and serum carotenoids and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer
1991;48:34-8.5. Kanetsky PA, Gammon MD, Mandelblatt J, et al. Dietary intake and blood levels of
lycopene: association with cervical dysplasia among non-hispanic, black women. Nutr Cancer
1998;31:31-40.6. Dorgan JF, Sowell A, Swanson CA, et al. Relationships of serum carotenoids, retinol,
alpha-tocopherol, and selenium with breast cancer risk: results from a prospective study in Columbia,
Missouri. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:89-97.7. Giovannucci E. Tomatoes, tomato-based products,
lycopene, and cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:317-31.8. Levy
J, Bosin E, Feldman B, et al. Lycopene is a more potent inhibitory of human cancer cell proliferation than
either alpha-carotene or beta-carotene. Nutr Cancer 1995;24:257-66.9. Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm
EB, et al. Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst
1995;87:1767-76.10. Deneo H-Pellegrini H, De Stefani E, Ronco A, Mendilaharsu M. Foods, nutrients and
prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Br J Cancer 1999;80:591-7.11. Schuman L, Mandel J,
Radke A. Some selected features of the epidemiology of prostate cancer: Minneapolis-St. Paul,
Minnesota case-control study, 1976–1979. In: Magnus K (ed). Trends in cancer incidence: causes
and implications. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1982, 345-54.12. Key TJ,
Silcocks PB, Davey GK, et al. A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer. Br J Cancer
1997;76:678-87.13. Schuurman AG, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, et al. Vegetable and fruit consumption and
prostate cancer risk: a cohort study in The Netherlands. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
1998;7:673-80.14. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term
supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular
disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1145-9.15. Kohlmeyer L, Kark JD, Gomez-Gracia E, et al. Lycopene and
myocardial infarction risk in the EUROMIC study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:618-26.16. Corridan BM,
O’Donohue MP, Morrissey PA. Carotenoids and immune response in elderly people. Proc Nutr Soc
1998;57:3A [abstr]. [T15] FASEB J. 2004 Nov 15] [T16] [Int J Cancer. 2004 Oct 28] [T16] Urol Oncol.
2004 Sep-Oct;22(5):415-20]. [B1] Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan;79(1):47-53]. [B2] Am J Clin Nutr. 2003
Jan;77(1):133-8] [B3] Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12 Suppl:S21]. [B4] Lipids. 1998 Oct;33(10):981-4] A1]
Rao LG et al, Lycopene consumption decreases oxidative stress and bone resorption markers in
postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2006 Aug 29; [A2] Basu A, Imrhan V. Tomatoes versus lycopene
in oxidative stress and carcinogenesis: conclusions from clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug 16; [A3]
Edinger MS, Koff WJ. Effect of the consumption of tomato paste on plasma prostate-specific antigen
levels in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006 Aug;39(8):1115-9. [A4]
Chalabi N, Gene signature of breast cancer cell lines treated with lycopene. Pharmacogenomics. 2006
Jul;7(5):663-72. [A5] Heinrich U, et al, Antioxidant supplements improve parameters related to skin
structure in humans. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2006;19(4):224-31. Epub 2006 May 4. [A6] Sharma JB, et
al, Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant levels in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Int J
Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Jul;94(1):23-7. Epub 2006 May 30.
lower biomarkers of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis in healthy and type II
diabetic patients, and prostate cancer patients, respectively. [15] Lycopene
supplementation has also been shown to boost immune function [16].
Research studies have repeatedly demonstrated its possible benefits in the
chronic cardiovascular diseases via altering low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
oxidation
Some researchers further propose the potential health benefits of processed
tomato products like tomato juice, tomato paste, tomato puree, tomato ketchup
and tomato oleoresin. [A2]
Health Benefits of Lycopene
Studies show its benefits in cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
Sesso HD and co-workers at Harvard Medical School conducted a prospective,
nested, case-control study in 39,876 middle-aged and elderly women initially
free of CVD and cancer and observed that higher plasma lycopene
concentrations are associated with a lower risk of CVD in women [B1] On the
other hand, Rissanen TH with co-workers at University of Kuopio, Finland
noticed the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT)
would be greater in men with low serum lycopene concentrations. This finding
suggests that the serum lycopene concentration may play a role in the early
stages of atherosclerosis. [B2]
Ahuja KD and co-workers at University of Tasmania compared the effect of two
diets (a monounsaturated fat enriched olive oil diet and high carbohydrate low
olive oil diet), with controlled carotenoid content on serum lycopene, lipids and
susceptibility of serum to in vitro oxidation. Based on the experimental data,
they concluded that a high olive oil diet with high lycopene content could
reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by increasing serum lycopene levels
and improving serum lipid profile. [B3]
Agarwal S and co-workers at University of Toronto, found that dietary
supplementation of lycopene significantly increased serum lycopene levels by
at least twofold in 19 healthy human subjects. Although there was no change in
serum cholesterol levels (total, LDL, or high-density lipoprotein), serum lipid
peroxidation and LDL oxidation were significantly decreased. These results
may have relevance for decreasing the risk for coronary heart disease. [B4]
Studies show its benefits in various types of cancers.
Studies have demonstrated that the consumption of fresh and processed
tomato products is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer, cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical dysplasia, lung, stomach and breast cancers
[1-7]. Indeed, tomato is an excellent source of lycopene, polyphenols, folate,
vitamins A, C and E. Research shows that lycopene, the primary red carotenoid
in tomatoes, may be the major contributor for this health benefit [8].
In early 1990s, a study has already showed that lycopene was linked to lower
risk of prostate cancer [9]. In the study, subjects with the highest lycopene
consumption (at least 6.5 mg per day) showed a 21% decrease in the risk of
prostate cancer compared with those eating the least. However, other studies
found no protective association [10-14]. The conflicting data or inconclusive
results might be related to experimental design and dose forms.
Later on, researchers in Basil observed a decrease of 10.77% in
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with benign prostate
hyperplasia who ingested 50 g of tomato paste per day for 10 weeks in a study
of 43 men ranging in age from 45 to 75 years. [A3]
Herzog A et al feed young rats with 200 ppm lycopene for up to 8 wk, then they
found that lycopene accumulated in all four prostate lobes, with all-trans
lycopene being the predominant isoform. And, the lateral lobe showed a
significantly higher total lycopene content than the other prostate lobes.
Lycopene treatment significantly reduced gene expression of
androgen-metabolizing enzymes and androgen targets and transcript levels of
proinflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulins, and immunoglobulin receptors in
the lateral lobe. This indicates that lycopene reduced inflammatory signals in
the lateral prostate lobe. [T15]
Jian L et al, Curtin University of Technology, Australia, studied 130 cases to
determine whether dietary intake of lycopene and other carotenoids has an
etiological association with prostate cancer in Hangzhou, southeast China
during 2001-2002. They concluded that the prostate cancer risk declined with
increasing consumption of lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene,
beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, tomatoes, pumpkin, spinach, watermelon
and citrus fruits.
Thus, these results probably explain the epidemiologically observed prostate
cancer risk reduction by lycopene.
Similarly, lycopene also appears to be a breast cancer preventive
phytochemical candidate found in raw tomatoes and tomato-derived products.
French researchers observed that lycopene seems to exert regulation on
apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA repair mechanisms in their study using
oligonucleotide microarray approach. [A4]
Studies suggest lycopene consumption may benefit in osteoporosis.
A cross-sectional study of 33 postmenopausal women aged 50-60 years
showed that groups with higher lycopene intake had higher serum lycopene. A
higher serum lycopene was found to be associated with a low cross-linked
N-telopeptides of type I collagen and lower protein oxidation. Since the dietary
antioxidant lycopene reduces oxidative stress and the levels of bone turnover
markers in postmenopausal women, and may be beneficial in reducing the risk
of osteoporosis. [A1]
Supplementation of lycopene benefits skin conditions, according to a study.
A study of 38 volunteers with healthy, normal skin of skin type 2 demonstrated
that lycopene 12 week-supplementation improved roughness, scaling,
smoothness and wrinkling of the skin, according to Surface Evaluation of Living
Skin (Visioscan). [A5]
Supplementation of lycopene may help pre-eclampsia.
Indian researchers demonstrated that supplemental dietary antioxidants, such
as lycopene, may have a beneficial role in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in
women at high-risk for this condition, in a study of 50 healthy pregnant women
and 50 women with pre-eclampsia. [A6]
What are the side effects of lycopene? Is lycopene safe?
Ansari MS et al, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, evaluated the
efficacy of lycopene for the treatment of patients (median age 72; range 56-90)
with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) in 2001 and 2002.
After 12-72 weeks of study, they found no drug intolerance (i.e. side effects)
nor toxicity. They concluded that lycopene therapy appeared to be effective
and safe in the treatment of HRPC. [T16]
THIS ARTICLE IS FOR YOUR INFORMATION ONLY. CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR FOR ANY
QUESTIONS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2006 ZHION.
REFERENCES
1. Mills PK, Beeson WL, Phillips RL, Fraser GE. Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in
Adventist men. Cancer 1989;64:598-4.2. Tzonou A, Signorello LB, Lagiou P, et al. Diet and cancer of the
prostate: a case-control study in Greece. Int J Cancer 1999;80:704-8. 3. Franceshci S, Bidoli E, La
Vecchia C, et al. Tomatoes and risk of digestive-tract cancers. Int J Cancer 1994;59:181-4.4. Van Eenwyk
J, Davis FG, Bowne PE. Dietary and serum carotenoids and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer
1991;48:34-8.5. Kanetsky PA, Gammon MD, Mandelblatt J, et al. Dietary intake and blood levels of
lycopene: association with cervical dysplasia among non-hispanic, black women. Nutr Cancer
1998;31:31-40.6. Dorgan JF, Sowell A, Swanson CA, et al. Relationships of serum carotenoids, retinol,
alpha-tocopherol, and selenium with breast cancer risk: results from a prospective study in Columbia,
Missouri. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:89-97.7. Giovannucci E. Tomatoes, tomato-based products,
lycopene, and cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:317-31.8. Levy
J, Bosin E, Feldman B, et al. Lycopene is a more potent inhibitory of human cancer cell proliferation than
either alpha-carotene or beta-carotene. Nutr Cancer 1995;24:257-66.9. Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm
EB, et al. Intake of carotenoids and retinol in relation to risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst
1995;87:1767-76.10. Deneo H-Pellegrini H, De Stefani E, Ronco A, Mendilaharsu M. Foods, nutrients and
prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Br J Cancer 1999;80:591-7.11. Schuman L, Mandel J,
Radke A. Some selected features of the epidemiology of prostate cancer: Minneapolis-St. Paul,
Minnesota case-control study, 1976–1979. In: Magnus K (ed). Trends in cancer incidence: causes
and implications. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1982, 345-54.12. Key TJ,
Silcocks PB, Davey GK, et al. A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer. Br J Cancer
1997;76:678-87.13. Schuurman AG, Goldbohm RA, Dorant E, et al. Vegetable and fruit consumption and
prostate cancer risk: a cohort study in The Netherlands. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
1998;7:673-80.14. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term
supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular
disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1145-9.15. Kohlmeyer L, Kark JD, Gomez-Gracia E, et al. Lycopene and
myocardial infarction risk in the EUROMIC study. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:618-26.16. Corridan BM,
O’Donohue MP, Morrissey PA. Carotenoids and immune response in elderly people. Proc Nutr Soc
1998;57:3A [abstr]. [T15] FASEB J. 2004 Nov 15] [T16] [Int J Cancer. 2004 Oct 28] [T16] Urol Oncol.
2004 Sep-Oct;22(5):415-20]. [B1] Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan;79(1):47-53]. [B2] Am J Clin Nutr. 2003
Jan;77(1):133-8] [B3] Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12 Suppl:S21]. [B4] Lipids. 1998 Oct;33(10):981-4] A1]
Rao LG et al, Lycopene consumption decreases oxidative stress and bone resorption markers in
postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2006 Aug 29; [A2] Basu A, Imrhan V. Tomatoes versus lycopene
in oxidative stress and carcinogenesis: conclusions from clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug 16; [A3]
Edinger MS, Koff WJ. Effect of the consumption of tomato paste on plasma prostate-specific antigen
levels in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006 Aug;39(8):1115-9. [A4]
Chalabi N, Gene signature of breast cancer cell lines treated with lycopene. Pharmacogenomics. 2006
Jul;7(5):663-72. [A5] Heinrich U, et al, Antioxidant supplements improve parameters related to skin
structure in humans. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2006;19(4):224-31. Epub 2006 May 4. [A6] Sharma JB, et
al, Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant levels in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Int J
Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Jul;94(1):23-7. Epub 2006 May 30.
MAJOR NUTRIENT
DIET.
SUPPLEMENT
PhytoChemicals
Antioxidants
A-Z Health Foods,
Products
Acetyl-L Carnitine
Acidophilus
Alfalfa
Almond
Aloe vera
Aniseed
Apple
Arnica
Ashwagandha
Asian Pears
Asparagus
Astaxanthin,
Astragulus
Artichoke
Avena sativa
Avocados
Barley
Banana
Basil
black cohosh
Bladderwrack
Blackberry
Black Currant
Blueberry
Bilberry
Bitter Melon
Borage Seed Oil
Boswellia
Broccoli
Bromelain
Brussels Sprout
Butterbur
Burdock
Cabbage
Calcium
Calendula
Canola oil
Cauliflower
Cat's Claw
Cayenne
Celadrin
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Chamomile
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Cherry
Chondroitin
Chitosan
Chlorophyll
Chromium
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Coffee
Comfrey
Conj. Linoleic Acid
Colostrum
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Corn
Cranberry
Creatine
Curcumin
Dandelion
Devil's Claw
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Dill
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Echinacea
Eleuthero
Ellagic Acid
Eucalyptus G.
Eve. Primrose Oil
Falcarinol
Fennel
Fenugreek
Feverfew
Folate
Fish Oil
Flaxseed /Linseed
Garcinia C.
Garlic
Galangal
Ghrelin
Ginger
Ginseng
Ginseng/Ginkgo
Ginkgo Biloba
Glucosamine
Goldenseal
Gotu Kola
GRAPE SEED
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Green Tea
Growth Hormone
Stimulants
Goldenseal
Guar Gum
Guggul
Gymnema
Hawthorn
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Hop
Horse Chestnut
Huperzine A
Hyaluronic acid
Isothiocyanates
Kava Kava
Kelp
L-arginine
Lavender
Lecithin
Lemon balm
Licorice
Lingonberry
Lutein
Lycopene
Maca
Mango
Marshmallow
Melatonin
Milk Thistle
Mistletoe
N-Acetylcysteine
Nattokinase
Nectarines
Olive Oil
Omegic Fatty
Acids
Onion
Orange
Oregon Grape
Pantethine
Papaya
PEANUT
Peach
Pepper
Peppermint
Persimmons
Phosphatidyl
serine
Phyllanthus
Potato
Plum
Pomegranate
Probiotics
Policosanol /
Polycosanol
Propolis
Pumpkin
Pycnogenol
Pyruvate
Quercetin
Radish
Red Clover
Red Yeast Rice
Reishi / Lingzhi
Resveratrol
Rhodiola
Rosemary
Royal Jelly
Rutin
S-adenosyl-L-
methionine
Saffron
Saw Palmetto
Schisandra
Selenium
Spinach
Spirulina
Squash
Stinging Nettle
St John Wort
Strawberry
Sweet Potatoes
Taxifolin
Tea Tree Oil
Turmeric [Curry]
Tyrosine
Shark Cartilage
Stevia
Valerian
Walnuts
Watermelon
Whey
Xylitol
Yohimbe
Yucca
5-Hydroxytrpto
phan
Food Industry
Organic Label
HOME
Herb Side Effect
Resource
DIET.
SUPPLEMENT
PhytoChemicals
Antioxidants
A-Z Health Foods,
Products
Acetyl-L Carnitine
Acidophilus
Alfalfa
Almond
Aloe vera
Aniseed
Apple
Arnica
Ashwagandha
Asian Pears
Asparagus
Astaxanthin,
Astragulus
Artichoke
Avena sativa
Avocados
Barley
Banana
Basil
black cohosh
Bladderwrack
Blackberry
Black Currant
Blueberry
Bilberry
Bitter Melon
Borage Seed Oil
Boswellia
Broccoli
Bromelain
Brussels Sprout
Butterbur
Burdock
Cabbage
Calcium
Calendula
Canola oil
Cauliflower
Cat's Claw
Cayenne
Celadrin
Celery
Chamomile
Chaparral
Cherry
Chondroitin
Chitosan
Chlorophyll
Chromium
Cinnamon
CLA
Cocoa
Cod Liver Oil
Coenzyme Q
Coffee
Comfrey
Conj. Linoleic Acid
Colostrum
Colloidal Silver
Corn
Cranberry
Creatine
Curcumin
Dandelion
Devil's Claw
DHEA
Dill
Dong Quai
Echinacea
Eleuthero
Ellagic Acid
Eucalyptus G.
Eve. Primrose Oil
Falcarinol
Fennel
Fenugreek
Feverfew
Folate
Fish Oil
Flaxseed /Linseed
Garcinia C.
Garlic
Galangal
Ghrelin
Ginger
Ginseng
Ginseng/Ginkgo
Ginkgo Biloba
Glucosamine
Goldenseal
Gotu Kola
GRAPE SEED
EXTRACT
Green Tea
Growth Hormone
Stimulants
Goldenseal
Guar Gum
Guggul
Gymnema
Hawthorn
Hoodia
Hop
Horse Chestnut
Huperzine A
Hyaluronic acid
Isothiocyanates
Kava Kava
Kelp
L-arginine
Lavender
Lecithin
Lemon balm
Licorice
Lingonberry
Lutein
Lycopene
Maca
Mango
Marshmallow
Melatonin
Milk Thistle
Mistletoe
N-Acetylcysteine
Nattokinase
Nectarines
Olive Oil
Omegic Fatty
Acids
Onion
Orange
Oregon Grape
Pantethine
Papaya
PEANUT
Peach
Pepper
Peppermint
Persimmons
Phosphatidyl
serine
Phyllanthus
Potato
Plum
Pomegranate
Probiotics
Policosanol /
Polycosanol
Propolis
Pumpkin
Pycnogenol
Pyruvate
Quercetin
Radish
Red Clover
Red Yeast Rice
Reishi / Lingzhi
Resveratrol
Rhodiola
Rosemary
Royal Jelly
Rutin
S-adenosyl-L-
methionine
Saffron
Saw Palmetto
Schisandra
Selenium
Spinach
Spirulina
Squash
Stinging Nettle
St John Wort
Strawberry
Sweet Potatoes
Taxifolin
Tea Tree Oil
Turmeric [Curry]
Tyrosine
Shark Cartilage
Stevia
Valerian
Walnuts
Watermelon
Whey
Xylitol
Yohimbe
Yucca
5-Hydroxytrpto
phan
Food Industry
Organic Label
HOME
Herb Side Effect
Resource
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