HEALTH BENEFITS OF
COFFEE
Caffeine is considered to be the most commonly used
psychoactive drug in the world and about 80% of adult
individuals use caffeine-containing foods and beverages.
Coffee is a powerful stimulant and its popularity results from
this quality. Some marketers promote, caffeine as an
important factor in the development of, and also the
protection from, cancer, neurological disorders and
gallbladder stones. However, caffeine also has deleterious
effects and can cause a wide range of side effects, either due
to abuse or due to abrupt discontinuation of its use. [5]
Coffee is the major source of dietary
antioxidants.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF COFFEE
Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides
significant amounts of chlorogenic acid and caffeine.
Unfiltered coffee is a significant source of cafestol and
kahweol, which are diterpenes that have been implicated in
the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee. The results of
epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption
may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2
diabetes mellitus [10, 11], Parkinson's disease and liver
disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). [8, 12]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
A study of 125,580 people, researchers at Kaiser
Permanente Medical Care Program in Oakland, California,
finds drinking coffee cuts the risk of cirrhosis of the liver
from alcohol -- by 22 percent per cup each day. But,
ingredient(s) give(s) such protection are not identified. [1] A
recent study suggests that coffee and caffeine consumption
can reduce the risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase
activity in individuals at high risk for liver disease. [9]
This protective effect was not found among tea drinkers. [1]
Another study showed that instant coffee had a protective
role in acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, but
did not affect steatosis. [3]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES AND WEIGHT GAIN
In a study of 41,836 postmenopausal women aged 55-69,
consumption of 1-3 cups of coffee may inhibit inflammation
and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory
diseases in postmenopausal women. [4]
Increases in caffeine intake may lead to a small reduction in
long-term weight gain, based on a 12 year study of 18 417
men and 39 740 women. [6]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CANCER RISK
In a study of women, reseachers found that daily coffee
drinkers had a reduced risk in comparison with individuals
who never or rarely drank coffee. [7]
STUDIES: COFFEE SIDE EFFECTS
For adults consuming moderate amounts of coffee (3-4
cups/d providing 300-400 mg/d of caffeine), there is little
evidence of health risks and some evidence of health
benefits. [8]
Coffee consumption is associated with increases in several
cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure
and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence
that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. [8]
Some groups, including people with hypertension, children,
adolescents, and the elderly, may be more vulnerable to the
adverse effects of caffeine. [8]
Currently available evidence suggests that it may be prudent
for pregnant women to limit coffee consumption to 3 cups/d
providing no more than 300 mg/d of caffeine to exclude any
increased probability of spontaneous abortion or impaired
fetal growth. [8]
In a study of 31,527 Swedish women aged 40-76 years, a
daily intake of 330 mg of caffeine, equivalent to 4 cups (600
ml) of coffee, or more may be associated with a modestly
increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, especially in women
with a low intake of calcium. [2]
A case-control study provides evidence for an increased risk
of myocardial infarction or unstable angina among individuals
drinking more than five cups of coffee per day. [13]
ALL RIGHT RESERVED 2006 ZHION. DO NOT COPY NOR TRANSFER THE
CONTENT TO OTHER WEBSITES NOR OTHER PUBLICATIONS. CONSULT WITH
YOUR DOCTOR, IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS. THIS ARTICLE CAN BE USED
AS REFERENCE ONLY.
[1] Coffee may cut alcohol liver damage Reuters June 12 2006. [2]
Hallstrom H, Coffee, tea and caffeine consumption in relation to osteoporotic
fracture risk in a cohort of Swedish women. Osteoporos Int. 2006
Jul;17(7):1055-64. Epub 2006 May 4. [3] Ozercan IH, et al, Does instant
coffee prevent acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride
(CCl(4))?Hepatol Res. 2006 May 30. [4] Andersen LF et al, Consumption of
coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory
and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study.Am J Clin
Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. [5] Iancu I, Strous RD.Caffeine intoxication:
history, clinical features, diagnosis and treatmentHarefuah. 2006
Feb;145(2):147-51, 163-4. [6] Lopez-Garcia E,Changes in caffeine intake
and long-term weight change in men and women.Am J Clin Nutr. 2006
Mar;83(3):674-80. [7] Oba S et al, The relationship between the
consumption of meat, fat, and coffee and the risk of colon cancer: A
prospective study in Japan.Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 3. [8] Higdon JV, Frei
B.Coffee and health: a review of recent human research.Crit Rev Food Sci
Nutr. 2006;46(2):101-23. [9] Homan DJ, Mobarhan S. Coffee: good, bad, or
just fun? A critical review of coffee's effects on liver enzymes.Nutr Rev. 2006
Jan;64(1):43-6. [10] Bidel S et al, Effects of coffee consumption on glucose
tolerance, serum glucose and insulin levels--a cross-sectional analysis.Horm
Metab Res. 2006 Jan;38(1):38-43. [11] van Dam RM Coffee, caffeine, and
risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study in younger and
middle-aged U.S. women. Diabetes Care. 2006 Feb;29(2):398-403. [12]
Ruhl CE, Everhart JE.Coffee and tea consumption are associated with a lower
incidence of chronic liver disease in the United States.Gastroenterology. 2005
Dec;129(6):1928-36. [12] Tofler OB, Foy S, Ng K, Hickey G, Burke V. Coffee
and coronary heart disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.[13] Tofler
OB, Coffee and coronary heart disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.
COFFEE
Caffeine is considered to be the most commonly used
psychoactive drug in the world and about 80% of adult
individuals use caffeine-containing foods and beverages.
Coffee is a powerful stimulant and its popularity results from
this quality. Some marketers promote, caffeine as an
important factor in the development of, and also the
protection from, cancer, neurological disorders and
gallbladder stones. However, caffeine also has deleterious
effects and can cause a wide range of side effects, either due
to abuse or due to abrupt discontinuation of its use. [5]
Coffee is the major source of dietary
antioxidants.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF COFFEE
Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides
significant amounts of chlorogenic acid and caffeine.
Unfiltered coffee is a significant source of cafestol and
kahweol, which are diterpenes that have been implicated in
the cholesterol-raising effects of coffee. The results of
epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption
may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2
diabetes mellitus [10, 11], Parkinson's disease and liver
disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). [8, 12]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS
A study of 125,580 people, researchers at Kaiser
Permanente Medical Care Program in Oakland, California,
finds drinking coffee cuts the risk of cirrhosis of the liver
from alcohol -- by 22 percent per cup each day. But,
ingredient(s) give(s) such protection are not identified. [1] A
recent study suggests that coffee and caffeine consumption
can reduce the risk of elevated alanine aminotransferase
activity in individuals at high risk for liver disease. [9]
This protective effect was not found among tea drinkers. [1]
Another study showed that instant coffee had a protective
role in acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, but
did not affect steatosis. [3]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES AND WEIGHT GAIN
In a study of 41,836 postmenopausal women aged 55-69,
consumption of 1-3 cups of coffee may inhibit inflammation
and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory
diseases in postmenopausal women. [4]
Increases in caffeine intake may lead to a small reduction in
long-term weight gain, based on a 12 year study of 18 417
men and 39 740 women. [6]
STUDIES: COFFEE AND CANCER RISK
In a study of women, reseachers found that daily coffee
drinkers had a reduced risk in comparison with individuals
who never or rarely drank coffee. [7]
STUDIES: COFFEE SIDE EFFECTS
For adults consuming moderate amounts of coffee (3-4
cups/d providing 300-400 mg/d of caffeine), there is little
evidence of health risks and some evidence of health
benefits. [8]
Coffee consumption is associated with increases in several
cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure
and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence
that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. [8]
Some groups, including people with hypertension, children,
adolescents, and the elderly, may be more vulnerable to the
adverse effects of caffeine. [8]
Currently available evidence suggests that it may be prudent
for pregnant women to limit coffee consumption to 3 cups/d
providing no more than 300 mg/d of caffeine to exclude any
increased probability of spontaneous abortion or impaired
fetal growth. [8]
In a study of 31,527 Swedish women aged 40-76 years, a
daily intake of 330 mg of caffeine, equivalent to 4 cups (600
ml) of coffee, or more may be associated with a modestly
increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, especially in women
with a low intake of calcium. [2]
A case-control study provides evidence for an increased risk
of myocardial infarction or unstable angina among individuals
drinking more than five cups of coffee per day. [13]
ALL RIGHT RESERVED 2006 ZHION. DO NOT COPY NOR TRANSFER THE
CONTENT TO OTHER WEBSITES NOR OTHER PUBLICATIONS. CONSULT WITH
YOUR DOCTOR, IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS. THIS ARTICLE CAN BE USED
AS REFERENCE ONLY.
[1] Coffee may cut alcohol liver damage Reuters June 12 2006. [2]
Hallstrom H, Coffee, tea and caffeine consumption in relation to osteoporotic
fracture risk in a cohort of Swedish women. Osteoporos Int. 2006
Jul;17(7):1055-64. Epub 2006 May 4. [3] Ozercan IH, et al, Does instant
coffee prevent acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride
(CCl(4))?Hepatol Res. 2006 May 30. [4] Andersen LF et al, Consumption of
coffee is associated with reduced risk of death attributed to inflammatory
and cardiovascular diseases in the Iowa Women's Health Study.Am J Clin
Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1039-46. [5] Iancu I, Strous RD.Caffeine intoxication:
history, clinical features, diagnosis and treatmentHarefuah. 2006
Feb;145(2):147-51, 163-4. [6] Lopez-Garcia E,Changes in caffeine intake
and long-term weight change in men and women.Am J Clin Nutr. 2006
Mar;83(3):674-80. [7] Oba S et al, The relationship between the
consumption of meat, fat, and coffee and the risk of colon cancer: A
prospective study in Japan.Cancer Lett. 2006 Mar 3. [8] Higdon JV, Frei
B.Coffee and health: a review of recent human research.Crit Rev Food Sci
Nutr. 2006;46(2):101-23. [9] Homan DJ, Mobarhan S. Coffee: good, bad, or
just fun? A critical review of coffee's effects on liver enzymes.Nutr Rev. 2006
Jan;64(1):43-6. [10] Bidel S et al, Effects of coffee consumption on glucose
tolerance, serum glucose and insulin levels--a cross-sectional analysis.Horm
Metab Res. 2006 Jan;38(1):38-43. [11] van Dam RM Coffee, caffeine, and
risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study in younger and
middle-aged U.S. women. Diabetes Care. 2006 Feb;29(2):398-403. [12]
Ruhl CE, Everhart JE.Coffee and tea consumption are associated with a lower
incidence of chronic liver disease in the United States.Gastroenterology. 2005
Dec;129(6):1928-36. [12] Tofler OB, Foy S, Ng K, Hickey G, Burke V. Coffee
and coronary heart disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.[13] Tofler
OB, Coffee and coronary heart disease.Heart Lung Circ. 2001;10(3):116-20.