Researcher's Note
Maitake mushroom extract, fraction, products, effectiveness, maitake benefits,
side effects - maitake mushroom cancer - zhion@zhion.com Revised on November 12, 2011
Maitake mushroom extract, fraction, products, effectiveness, maitake benefits,
side effects - maitake mushroom cancer - zhion@zhion.com Revised on November 12, 2011
Maitake mushroom [Grifola frondosa] is an edible fungus. It has a large fruiting body and overlapping
caps. Maitake is increasingly being recognized as a potent source of polysaccharide compounds with
dramatic health-promoting potential. Some extracts have shown particular promise as immunomodulating
agents, and as an adjunct to cancer and HIV therapy. They may also provide some benefit in the treatment
of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hepatitis. Synonyms include beta-glucan, cloud mushroom, dancing
mushroom, grifolan, Grifon Pro Maitake D Fraction Extract®, king of mushroom, Maitake Gold 404®,
MD-fraction, MDF, My-take.
Traditionally, maitake mushroom has been used as a food and a herbal remedy. Early studies in the
laboratory as well as in humans suggest that beta-glucan extracts from maitake mushroom may benefit
cancers. In animal studies, maitake mushroom extracts are reported to have the benefits of blood sugar
level lowering. Animal and laboratory studies suggest that beta-glucan extracts from maitake mushroom
may alter the immune system.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Potential Health Benefits of Maitake Mushroom Extracts
Some animal or test-tube studies have shown maitake mushroom extracts to have benefits of antitumor
activities or enhance immune response in animals or in test-tube studies. [1-7, 10-17]
Maitake benefits - maitake mushroom extracts enhanced the immune system in test-tube studies.
Low molecular weight polysaccharides from maitake mushroom extract were found to enhance innate
immunity in vitro. [4] The researchers first treated the mushrooms with hot water and they found fractions
composed of polysaccharides with molecular masses of 43-140 and 13-38 kDa had marked activities in
enhancing phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). In addition to activation of
phagocytes, these bioactive fractions also increased human peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
[4]
In innate immunity, activated natural killer (NK) cells attack and damage pathogens such as bacteria and
virus without restriction by the MHC antigen. NK cells activated by IL-12 have been reported to recognize
and kill tumor cells in perforin-mediated apoptosis. D-Fraction, a polysaccharide extracted from the maitake
mushroom, was found to be able to activate macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells and inhibit the growth
of tumor cells. D-Fraction was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells through the production of IL-12
by activating macrophages. [7]
Maitake mushroom extracts enhanced the performance of anti-viral agent.
D-fraction extracted from maitake mushroom enhanced the activities of human interferon alpha-2b (IFN)on
chronic HBV infections by 9-fold in a study of HepG2 2.2.15 cells. [2]
Maitake benefits - maitake mushroom extracts showed benefits of anti-cancer activities.
A bioactive metabolite produced by maitake mushroom showed activities against human carcinoma cells
(Hep 3B, Hep G2, HeLa, CL1-1) and normal human lung fibroblast. The researchers found the chemical,
o-orsellinaldehyde, might mediate its cytotoxicity through apoptosis. [1]
A chemically sulfated polysaccharide (S-GAP-P)derived from water-insoluble polysaccharide of maitake
mushroom mycelia inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and induced apoptosis, in a
dose-dependent manner. S-GAP-P significantly inhibited the tumor growth and enhanced the peritoneal
macrophages phagocytosis in S180-bearing mice. [3]
Maitake D-Fraction, a polysaccharide extracted from maitake mushrooms, has been reported to exhibit an
antitumor effect through activation of immunocompetent cells, including macrophages and T cells, with
modulation of the balance between T-helper 1 and 2 cells. Maitake D-Fraction can also decrease the
effective dosage in tumor-bearing mice by increasing the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of
immunocompetent cells and thus provide a potential clinical benefit for patients with cancer.[5]
Maitake Effectiveness
Maitake D-fraction was highly effective on the canine cancer cells, either potently inhibiting cancer cell
growth or directly killing cancer cells. Similar effects were also demonstrated in certain human cancer cells.
However, other beta-glucan products relevant to D-fraction had no such effects on canine cancer cells. [6]
The Maitake MD-fraction (MDF) of maitake mushroom extracts containing beta 1,6-glucan with beta
1,3-branches were found to have anti-tumor activities and promote immune response. Researchers found
this fraction also has a dose response effect on mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) hematopoiesis in vitro.
They further found that MDF promoted BMC viability and protected Colony Forming
Unit-granulocyte-macrophage from doxorubicin induced toxicity. [10]
Clinical studies show the maitake cancer effects.
In a study of cancer patients without anticancer drugs, maitake D-Fraction hindered metastatic progress,
lessened the expression of tumor markers, and increased NK cell activity in all patients examined. [18]
In a study, researchers supplied 22- to 57-year-old cancer patients in stages II-IV with a combination of
maitake MD-fraction and whole maitake powder. They observed cancer regression or significant symptom
improvement in 58.3 percent of liver cancer patients, 68.8 percent of breast cancer patients, and 62.5
percent of lung cancer patients. However, the trial found a less than 10-20 percent improvement for
leukemia, stomach cancer, and brain cancer patients. Furthermore, when maitake product or extract was
taken in addition to chemotherapy, immune-competent cell activities were enhanced 1.2-1.4 times,
compared with chemotherapy alone. [19]
Maitake benefit- maitake mushroom may benefit people at risk of high lipid profile. [20-22]
Maitake mushrooms were shown to alter lipid metabolism by inhibiting both the accumulation of liver lipids
and the elevation of serum lipids in an animal study. [20]
Maitake mushroom was shown to improve the lipid metabolism as it inhibits both liver lipid and serum lipid
which are increased by the ingestion of high-fat feed. In a study, researchers fed rats with hyperlipemia with
dried maitake powder. Weights of extirpated liver and epididymal fat-pads were significantly less than those
in the basic feed group. In addition, they also observed the value of liver lipids decreased. Maitake
treatment also increased cholesterol-excretion. The observations suggest that maitake product inhibits lipid
accumulation in the body. [21]
Maitake benefit - maitake mushroom may benefit people at risk of diabetes.[23-28]
Researchers observed reduction of blood glucose and pressure, when they provided 1 g/d of powdered
fruit body of maitake to a genetically diabetic mouse. [28]
Dietary Maitake mushroom was found to reduce the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
[29, 30] After 8 weeks intake of maitake mushroom, the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats
reduced, however, their lipid profile remained the same. [29]
Maitake Mushroom Side Effects
___________________________________________________________________________________
caps. Maitake is increasingly being recognized as a potent source of polysaccharide compounds with
dramatic health-promoting potential. Some extracts have shown particular promise as immunomodulating
agents, and as an adjunct to cancer and HIV therapy. They may also provide some benefit in the treatment
of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hepatitis. Synonyms include beta-glucan, cloud mushroom, dancing
mushroom, grifolan, Grifon Pro Maitake D Fraction Extract®, king of mushroom, Maitake Gold 404®,
MD-fraction, MDF, My-take.
Traditionally, maitake mushroom has been used as a food and a herbal remedy. Early studies in the
laboratory as well as in humans suggest that beta-glucan extracts from maitake mushroom may benefit
cancers. In animal studies, maitake mushroom extracts are reported to have the benefits of blood sugar
level lowering. Animal and laboratory studies suggest that beta-glucan extracts from maitake mushroom
may alter the immune system.
__________________________________________________________________________________
Potential Health Benefits of Maitake Mushroom Extracts
Some animal or test-tube studies have shown maitake mushroom extracts to have benefits of antitumor
activities or enhance immune response in animals or in test-tube studies. [1-7, 10-17]
Maitake benefits - maitake mushroom extracts enhanced the immune system in test-tube studies.
Low molecular weight polysaccharides from maitake mushroom extract were found to enhance innate
immunity in vitro. [4] The researchers first treated the mushrooms with hot water and they found fractions
composed of polysaccharides with molecular masses of 43-140 and 13-38 kDa had marked activities in
enhancing phagocytosis of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). In addition to activation of
phagocytes, these bioactive fractions also increased human peripheral blood natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
[4]
In innate immunity, activated natural killer (NK) cells attack and damage pathogens such as bacteria and
virus without restriction by the MHC antigen. NK cells activated by IL-12 have been reported to recognize
and kill tumor cells in perforin-mediated apoptosis. D-Fraction, a polysaccharide extracted from the maitake
mushroom, was found to be able to activate macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells and inhibit the growth
of tumor cells. D-Fraction was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells through the production of IL-12
by activating macrophages. [7]
Maitake mushroom extracts enhanced the performance of anti-viral agent.
D-fraction extracted from maitake mushroom enhanced the activities of human interferon alpha-2b (IFN)on
chronic HBV infections by 9-fold in a study of HepG2 2.2.15 cells. [2]
Maitake benefits - maitake mushroom extracts showed benefits of anti-cancer activities.
A bioactive metabolite produced by maitake mushroom showed activities against human carcinoma cells
(Hep 3B, Hep G2, HeLa, CL1-1) and normal human lung fibroblast. The researchers found the chemical,
o-orsellinaldehyde, might mediate its cytotoxicity through apoptosis. [1]
A chemically sulfated polysaccharide (S-GAP-P)derived from water-insoluble polysaccharide of maitake
mushroom mycelia inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and induced apoptosis, in a
dose-dependent manner. S-GAP-P significantly inhibited the tumor growth and enhanced the peritoneal
macrophages phagocytosis in S180-bearing mice. [3]
Maitake D-Fraction, a polysaccharide extracted from maitake mushrooms, has been reported to exhibit an
antitumor effect through activation of immunocompetent cells, including macrophages and T cells, with
modulation of the balance between T-helper 1 and 2 cells. Maitake D-Fraction can also decrease the
effective dosage in tumor-bearing mice by increasing the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of
immunocompetent cells and thus provide a potential clinical benefit for patients with cancer.[5]
Maitake Effectiveness
Maitake D-fraction was highly effective on the canine cancer cells, either potently inhibiting cancer cell
growth or directly killing cancer cells. Similar effects were also demonstrated in certain human cancer cells.
However, other beta-glucan products relevant to D-fraction had no such effects on canine cancer cells. [6]
The Maitake MD-fraction (MDF) of maitake mushroom extracts containing beta 1,6-glucan with beta
1,3-branches were found to have anti-tumor activities and promote immune response. Researchers found
this fraction also has a dose response effect on mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) hematopoiesis in vitro.
They further found that MDF promoted BMC viability and protected Colony Forming
Unit-granulocyte-macrophage from doxorubicin induced toxicity. [10]
Clinical studies show the maitake cancer effects.
In a study of cancer patients without anticancer drugs, maitake D-Fraction hindered metastatic progress,
lessened the expression of tumor markers, and increased NK cell activity in all patients examined. [18]
In a study, researchers supplied 22- to 57-year-old cancer patients in stages II-IV with a combination of
maitake MD-fraction and whole maitake powder. They observed cancer regression or significant symptom
improvement in 58.3 percent of liver cancer patients, 68.8 percent of breast cancer patients, and 62.5
percent of lung cancer patients. However, the trial found a less than 10-20 percent improvement for
leukemia, stomach cancer, and brain cancer patients. Furthermore, when maitake product or extract was
taken in addition to chemotherapy, immune-competent cell activities were enhanced 1.2-1.4 times,
compared with chemotherapy alone. [19]
Maitake benefit- maitake mushroom may benefit people at risk of high lipid profile. [20-22]
Maitake mushrooms were shown to alter lipid metabolism by inhibiting both the accumulation of liver lipids
and the elevation of serum lipids in an animal study. [20]
Maitake mushroom was shown to improve the lipid metabolism as it inhibits both liver lipid and serum lipid
which are increased by the ingestion of high-fat feed. In a study, researchers fed rats with hyperlipemia with
dried maitake powder. Weights of extirpated liver and epididymal fat-pads were significantly less than those
in the basic feed group. In addition, they also observed the value of liver lipids decreased. Maitake
treatment also increased cholesterol-excretion. The observations suggest that maitake product inhibits lipid
accumulation in the body. [21]
Maitake benefit - maitake mushroom may benefit people at risk of diabetes.[23-28]
Researchers observed reduction of blood glucose and pressure, when they provided 1 g/d of powdered
fruit body of maitake to a genetically diabetic mouse. [28]
Dietary Maitake mushroom was found to reduce the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
[29, 30] After 8 weeks intake of maitake mushroom, the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats
reduced, however, their lipid profile remained the same. [29]
Maitake Mushroom Side Effects
___________________________________________________________________________________
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Maitake side effects
Maitake Mushroom has been used as food for many years, probably it is safe for healthy subjects at low
dosages. Maitake side effects are unclear, when it is taken as medicine or at high doses. Intake of maitake
mushroom may lead to hypotension and hypoglycemia. Caution is advised for diabetic patients and those
are taking drugs, herbs, or supplements that affect blood sugar or blood pressure. Side effects such as
allergy or even arthritis may occur. For details, please, review maitake mushroom side effects.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Maitake Mushroom has been used as food for many years, probably it is safe for healthy subjects at low
dosages. Maitake side effects are unclear, when it is taken as medicine or at high doses. Intake of maitake
mushroom may lead to hypotension and hypoglycemia. Caution is advised for diabetic patients and those
are taking drugs, herbs, or supplements that affect blood sugar or blood pressure. Side effects such as
allergy or even arthritis may occur. For details, please, review maitake mushroom side effects.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Reference: [1] Lin JT, Liu WH.omicron-Orsellinaldehyde from the Submerged Culture of the Edible Mushroom Grifola frondosa Exhibits Selective Cytotoxic
Effect Against Hep 3B Cells Through Apoptosis.J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Oct 4;54(20):7564-9. [2] Gu CQ, et al, Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by D-fraction from
Grifola frondosa: Synergistic effect of combination with interferon-alpha in HepG2 2.2.15.Antiviral Res. 2006 Nov;72(2):162-5. Epub 2006 Jun 5. [3] Nie X, et al,
Preparation of a chemically sulfated polysaccharide derived from Grifola frondosa and its potential biological activities.Int J Biol Macromol. 2006 Apr 7 [4] Wu
MJ, et al, Immunomodulatory properties of Grifola frondosa in submerged culture.J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Apr 19;54(8):2906-14. [5] Kodama N, et al,Maitake
D-Fraction enhances antitumor effects and reduces immunosuppression by mitomycin-C in tumor-bearing mice. Nutrition. 2005 May;21(5):624-9. [6] Konno
S.Potential growth inhibitory effect of maitake D-fraction on canine cancer cells.Vet Ther. 2004 Winter;5(4):263-71. [7] Kodama N, et al, Enhancement of
cytotoxicity of NK cells by D-Fraction, a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa.Oncol Rep. 2005 Mar;13(3):497-502. [8] Shigesue K, et al, Effects of maitake
(Grifola frondosa) polysaccharide on collagen-induced arthritis in mice.Jpn J Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;84(3):293-300. [9] Tanaka H, et al, Successful treatment of
hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Grifola frondosa (Maitake) mushroom using a HFA-BDP extra-fine aerosol.Intern Med. 2004 Aug;43(8):737-40. [10]
Kodama N, et al,Administration of a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa stimulates immune function of normal mice. J Med Food. 2004 Summer;7(2):141-5.
[11] Lin H, et al, Maitake beta-glucan MD-fraction enhances bone marrow colony formation and reduces doxorubicin toxicity in vi. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004
Jan;4(1):91-9. [12] Harada N, et al, Relationship between dendritic cells and the D-fraction-induced Th-1 dominant response in BALB/c tumor-bearing
mice.Cancer Lett. 2003 Mar 31;192(2):181-7. [13] Kodama N, et al,A polysaccharide, extract from Grifola frondosa, induces Th-1 dominant responses in
carcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;90(4):357-60. [14] Inoue A, et al, Effect of maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-fraction on the control of
the T lymph node Th-1/Th-2 proportion.Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Apr;25(4):536-40. [15] Kodama N, et al, Addition of Maitake D-fraction reduces the effective
dosage of vancomycin for the treatment of Listeria-infected mice.Jpn J Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;87(4):327-32. [16] Finkelstein MP, et al, Chemosensitization of
carmustine with maitake beta-glucan on androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells: involvement of glyoxalase I.J Altern Complement Med. 2002
Oct;8(5):573-80. [17] Kodama N, et al, Effects of D-Fraction, a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa on tumor growth involve activation of NK cells.Biol Pharm
Bull. 2002 Dec;25(12):1647-50. [19] Kodama N, et al, Can maitake MD-fraction aid cancer patients? Altern Med Rev. 2002 Jun;7(3):236-9.[18] Kodama N, et al,
Effect of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-Fraction on the activation of NK cells in cancer patients.J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):371-7. [20] Kubo K, et al, The effect
of maitake mushrooms on liver and serum lipids. Altern Ther Health Med. 1996 Sep;2(5):62-6.[21] Kubo K, et al, Anti-hyperliposis effect of maitake fruit body
(Grifola frondosa). I.Biol Pharm Bull. 1997 Jul;20(7):781-5. [22] Fukushima M, et al, Cholesterol-lowering effects of maitake (Grifola frondosa) fiber, shiitake
(Lentinus edodes) fiber, and enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) fiber in rats.Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2001 Sep;226(8):758-65. [23] Talpur N, et al, Effects of
Maitake mushroom fractions on blood pressure of Zucker fatty rats.Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2002;112(1-4):68-82. [24] Talpur N, et al, Effects of
niacin-bound chromium, Maitake mushroom fraction SX and (-)-hydroxycitric acid on the metabolic syndrome in aged diabetic Zucker fatty rats.Mol Cell
Biochem. 2003 Oct;252(1-2):369-77. [25]Sanzen I, et al,Nitric oxide-mediated antitumor activity induced by the extract from Grifola frondosa (Maitake
mushroom) in a macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Dec;20(4):591-7. [26] Manohar V, et al, Effects of a water-soluble extract of
maitake mushroom on circulating glucose/insulin concentrations in KK mice.Diabetes Obes Metab. 2002 Jan;4(1):43-8. [27] Horio H, Ohtsuru M.Maitake
(Grifola frondosa) improve glucose tolerance of experimental diabetic rats.J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001 Feb;47(1):57-63. [28] Kubo K, et al, Anti-diabetic
activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). I.Biol Pharm Bull. 1994 Aug;17(8):1106-10. [29] Kabir Y, et al, Dietary mushrooms reduce blood
pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1989 Feb;35(1):91-4. [30] Talpur NA, et al, Antihypertensive and metabolic
effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and its fractions in two rat strains.Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Aug;237(1-2):129-36.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Effect Against Hep 3B Cells Through Apoptosis.J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Oct 4;54(20):7564-9. [2] Gu CQ, et al, Inhibition of hepatitis B virus by D-fraction from
Grifola frondosa: Synergistic effect of combination with interferon-alpha in HepG2 2.2.15.Antiviral Res. 2006 Nov;72(2):162-5. Epub 2006 Jun 5. [3] Nie X, et al,
Preparation of a chemically sulfated polysaccharide derived from Grifola frondosa and its potential biological activities.Int J Biol Macromol. 2006 Apr 7 [4] Wu
MJ, et al, Immunomodulatory properties of Grifola frondosa in submerged culture.J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Apr 19;54(8):2906-14. [5] Kodama N, et al,Maitake
D-Fraction enhances antitumor effects and reduces immunosuppression by mitomycin-C in tumor-bearing mice. Nutrition. 2005 May;21(5):624-9. [6] Konno
S.Potential growth inhibitory effect of maitake D-fraction on canine cancer cells.Vet Ther. 2004 Winter;5(4):263-71. [7] Kodama N, et al, Enhancement of
cytotoxicity of NK cells by D-Fraction, a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa.Oncol Rep. 2005 Mar;13(3):497-502. [8] Shigesue K, et al, Effects of maitake
(Grifola frondosa) polysaccharide on collagen-induced arthritis in mice.Jpn J Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;84(3):293-300. [9] Tanaka H, et al, Successful treatment of
hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Grifola frondosa (Maitake) mushroom using a HFA-BDP extra-fine aerosol.Intern Med. 2004 Aug;43(8):737-40. [10]
Kodama N, et al,Administration of a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa stimulates immune function of normal mice. J Med Food. 2004 Summer;7(2):141-5.
[11] Lin H, et al, Maitake beta-glucan MD-fraction enhances bone marrow colony formation and reduces doxorubicin toxicity in vi. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004
Jan;4(1):91-9. [12] Harada N, et al, Relationship between dendritic cells and the D-fraction-induced Th-1 dominant response in BALB/c tumor-bearing
mice.Cancer Lett. 2003 Mar 31;192(2):181-7. [13] Kodama N, et al,A polysaccharide, extract from Grifola frondosa, induces Th-1 dominant responses in
carcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;90(4):357-60. [14] Inoue A, et al, Effect of maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-fraction on the control of
the T lymph node Th-1/Th-2 proportion.Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Apr;25(4):536-40. [15] Kodama N, et al, Addition of Maitake D-fraction reduces the effective
dosage of vancomycin for the treatment of Listeria-infected mice.Jpn J Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;87(4):327-32. [16] Finkelstein MP, et al, Chemosensitization of
carmustine with maitake beta-glucan on androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells: involvement of glyoxalase I.J Altern Complement Med. 2002
Oct;8(5):573-80. [17] Kodama N, et al, Effects of D-Fraction, a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa on tumor growth involve activation of NK cells.Biol Pharm
Bull. 2002 Dec;25(12):1647-50. [19] Kodama N, et al, Can maitake MD-fraction aid cancer patients? Altern Med Rev. 2002 Jun;7(3):236-9.[18] Kodama N, et al,
Effect of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-Fraction on the activation of NK cells in cancer patients.J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):371-7. [20] Kubo K, et al, The effect
of maitake mushrooms on liver and serum lipids. Altern Ther Health Med. 1996 Sep;2(5):62-6.[21] Kubo K, et al, Anti-hyperliposis effect of maitake fruit body
(Grifola frondosa). I.Biol Pharm Bull. 1997 Jul;20(7):781-5. [22] Fukushima M, et al, Cholesterol-lowering effects of maitake (Grifola frondosa) fiber, shiitake
(Lentinus edodes) fiber, and enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) fiber in rats.Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2001 Sep;226(8):758-65. [23] Talpur N, et al, Effects of
Maitake mushroom fractions on blood pressure of Zucker fatty rats.Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2002;112(1-4):68-82. [24] Talpur N, et al, Effects of
niacin-bound chromium, Maitake mushroom fraction SX and (-)-hydroxycitric acid on the metabolic syndrome in aged diabetic Zucker fatty rats.Mol Cell
Biochem. 2003 Oct;252(1-2):369-77. [25]Sanzen I, et al,Nitric oxide-mediated antitumor activity induced by the extract from Grifola frondosa (Maitake
mushroom) in a macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Dec;20(4):591-7. [26] Manohar V, et al, Effects of a water-soluble extract of
maitake mushroom on circulating glucose/insulin concentrations in KK mice.Diabetes Obes Metab. 2002 Jan;4(1):43-8. [27] Horio H, Ohtsuru M.Maitake
(Grifola frondosa) improve glucose tolerance of experimental diabetic rats.J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001 Feb;47(1):57-63. [28] Kubo K, et al, Anti-diabetic
activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). I.Biol Pharm Bull. 1994 Aug;17(8):1106-10. [29] Kabir Y, et al, Dietary mushrooms reduce blood
pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1989 Feb;35(1):91-4. [30] Talpur NA, et al, Antihypertensive and metabolic
effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and its fractions in two rat strains.Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Aug;237(1-2):129-36.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document and the information provided herein is believed to be accurate. The
information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. It is important to seek the advice of a physician about any
medical condition or symptom or the benefits and side effects of a supplement or a drug product. Finally, please, do not transfer the
article to other website. Thank you. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. It is important to seek the advice of a physician about any
medical condition or symptom or the benefits and side effects of a supplement or a drug product. Finally, please, do not transfer the
article to other website. Thank you. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.