garcinia cambogia side effects, garcinia cambogia benefits garcinia cambogia extract, weight loss, dosage and review August 17, 2011
Obesity is a global public health problem, with about 315 million people worldwide estimated to fall into the WHO-defined obesity categories. Traditional herbal medicines may have some potential benefits in managing obesity. Botanical dietary supplements often contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals that have additive or synergistic interactions.
Garcinia cambogia benefits - antiobesity The dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, also known as Malabar tamarind, is a unique source of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which exhibits a distinct sour taste and has been safely used for centuries in Southeastern Asia to make meals more filling. [3] Garcinia extract has been used as anti-obesity agent. In cell studies, Garcinia extract has been shown to inhibit the cytoplasmic lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. [2]
HCA is also a popular supplement for weight management. [1] HCA is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A to oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in the cytosol. Acetyl CoA is used in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides, and in the synthesis of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. [4]
Recently, researchers have developed a derivative of HCA, known as HCA-SX or Super Citrimax to weight management or obesity prevention. They found low-dose oral HCA-SX altered the body weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile of Sprague-Dawley rats. [3] Basically, HCA-SX is suggested that it can promote fat oxidation, enhance serotonin release and availability in the brain cortex, normalize lipid profiles, and lowes serum leptin levels in obese subjects. or in hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology. [4]
Garcinia Cambogia Benefits - Antioxidative Activities Garcinol and guttiferone K extracted from Garcinia cambogia have some protective effects against lipid and protein oxidation, based on an in vitro study. [Platelets. 2009 Nov;20(7):487-92.]
Garcinia Cambogia Benefits - on colitis Garcinia administration to colitic rats significantly improved the macroscopic damage and caused substantial reductions in increases in MPO activity, COX-2 and iNOS expression. In addition, garcinia extract treatment was able to reduce PGE(2) and IL-1beta colonic levels.[Phytother Res. 2009 Mar;23(3):324-9.]
Garcinia Cambogia Side Effects Garcinia Cambogia did not show serious side effects in certain animal studies. A study of rats show the treatment of HCA, an extract from Garcinia cambogia, over a period of 90 days results in a reduction in body weight, but did not cause any side effects on hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, or histopathological changes. [1] In another study of rats, the administration of HCA-SX (dosages up to 2500 mg/kg/day) for a period of 90 days caused a significant decrease in body weight and reduction in feed consumption without any serious side effects. [5]
However, in a study of male Zucker obese rats, high dosages of Garcinia cambogia extracts caused potent testicular atrophy and toxicity. And so, there is a growing number of case reports of hepatoxicity from the widely marketed weight-loss supplement Hydroxycut, which contains the botanical ingredient Garcinia cambogia. [World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Apr 14;15(14):1786-7.] Thus, users must discuss with their medical officers on the potential benefits and side effects of Garcinia Cambogia before use.
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REFERENCE: [1] Shara M et al, Dose- and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Dec;254(1-2):339-46. [2] Kim MS et al, Anti-adipogenic effects of Garcinia extract on the lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of transcription factor. Biofactors. 2004;22(1-4):193-6. [3] Roy S et al, Body weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. Gene Expr. 2004;11(5-6):251-62. [4] Shara M et al, Physico-chemical properties of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract and its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 May;260(1-2):171-86. [5] Soni MG et al, Safety assessment of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax, a novel calcium/potassium salt. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Sep;42(9):1513-29. [6] Saito M, High dose of Garcinia cambogia is effective in suppressing fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese rats, but highly toxic to the testis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Mar;43(3):411-9.