| Canola oil benefits and side effects |
Orignial Article
Canola oil is marketed as vegetable oil for cooking and use in salads. It is one of
the most widely consumed food oil in Canada, and has been considered as GRAS
(Generally Recognized as Safe) material by the US FDA. It contains 55% of the
monounsaturated fatty acid; oleic acid, 25% linoleic acid and 10% alpha-linolenate
[polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)], and only 4% of the saturated fatty acids
(SFAs). Many health associations recommended the dietary goals for an average
diet containing about 30% of calories as fat made up of less than 10% saturated
fatty acids, and they consider canola oil having benefits on health in general. [1]
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY
Canolol (4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol ) is a highly potent ROO(*) scavenger,
isolated from crude canola oil (rapeseed). After roasting the seed, the canolol
content increases but it content is low in highly purified canola oil. Researcher
found its potency was much greater than that of well-known antioxidants, including
alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, beta-carotene, rutin, and quercetin. [2]
CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING EFFECTS AND GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
Researchers found that canola oil has benefits on cholesterol. In a study, 28 human
subject with mean levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of 6.0 (1.1)
mmol/L, and 4.1 (1.0)mmol/L, respectively consumed a low saturated fat diet, which
included either 30g/d nuts (nut diet) or one serving of a cereal containing Canola oil
(cereal diet). Researchers found that both diets could lower the total cholesterol
(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to a similar extent. Thus, foods
with a similar fatty acid composition to nuts can produce comparable benefits in
lipoprotein mediated cardiovascular risk. [3]
Lipid-lowering diets containing either rapeseed oil or olive oil may have benefits on
serum lipoprotein concentration and glucose tolerance in hyperlipidemic subjects.
In a study of hyperlipidemic patients, researchers found that canola oil and olive oil
reduced apolipoproteins B, A-I and Lp(a), total serum cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein and the ratio between low-density and high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol to the same extent. However, there was a slightly greater decrease in
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with the diet containing rapeseed (canola) oil
than with the olive oil diet. These two oils improved intravenous glucose tolerance to
a similar extent. [12]
BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING EFFECTS
Canola oil may have benefits on blood pressure-lowering. [4]
ANTI-CANCER / ANTI-MUTAGENIC ACTIVITES
Canolol was recently reported to have benefits on lowering the risk of cell mutation.
Canolol suppressed ONOO(-)-induced bactericidal action. It also reduced
intracellular oxidative stress and apoptosis in human cancer SW480 cells when
used at a concentration below 20 microM under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress.
In addition, canolol suppressed plasmid DNA (pUC19) strand breakage induced by
ONOO(-), as revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. [5]
HEART HEALTH / CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
Regular substitution of canola oil for other dietary lipid sources may assist in
reducing the likelihood of a transient ischemic event leading to life-threatening
cardiac arrhythmias. In a study, researchers randomly assigned rats to one of four
experimental diet groups for 12 wk. The fat source in the diets was 12% olive (63%
oleic acid), canola (55% oleic, 8% alpha-linolenic acid), soybean [50% linoleic
18:2(n-6), 7% alpha-linolenic acid] or sunflower seed oil (64% linoleic acid). The
researchers found that the incidence of ventricular fibrillation, mortality and
arrhythmia score during reperfusion were significantly lower in rats fed the diet
containing canola oil than in those fed other diets. [10]
Canola oil diet was found to have health benefits on heart tissues. In a study, aged
rats fed with canola oil diet was found to have a well-vascularized myocardium,
which is probably associated with preservation of numerical density of the myocytes
in the myocardium of these animals. [11] In another study, aged rats fed with canola
oil diet (rich in n-3 fatty acid) presented morphological cardiovascular and
metabolic changes less important in magnitude than old animals and, mainly, the
same age animals under hyperlipidic diet. [13]
PLATELET FUNCTIONS
Canola oil has demonstrated its benefits on platelet functions in a trial. In this study,
researchers supplied 30 healthy male subjects with a controlled-saturated-fatty-acid
(baseline) diet for 3 wk and then consumed either safflower oil or canola oil as a
major fat source for 8 wk. The researchers studied their platelet function and fatty
acid composition. Compared with baseline, the researchers observed a 35%
decrease in arachidonic acid in platelet phospholipids of the canola-oil diet group.
And, both unsaturated-fatty-acid diets reduced platelet aggregation at 3 wk of
oil-based diet feeding and only canola oil influenced platelet function (lowered ATP
secretion) at 8 wk. [9]
OVERDOSE, TOXICITY, SIDE EFFECTS AND OTHERS
A group of 9 dairy cattle accidentally ingested large volumes of canola oil.
Consequently, four of the animals died, and 3 were necropsied. [6]
Some health organizations do not recommend use of canola oil in infant formula
largely because of concerns over possible accumulation of triglyceride in heart as a
result of the small amounts of erucic acid (22:1n-9) in the oil. [8]
Ethalfluralin is a herbicide that is effective for weed control on a wide variety of
crops, including canola. Researchers analyzed samples from canola seed, meal,
and refined oil and they found no detectable residue of the herbicide. [7]
This Article is for your reference only. Consult with your doctor before using any
supplement or if you have any question.
ALL RIGHT RESERVED 2010 zhion DO NOT COPY THIS ARTICLE TO OTHER WEBSITE(S) OR BLOG(S) OR
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
REFERENCES
[1] Dupont J et al, Food safety and health effects of canola oil. J Am Coll Nutr. 1989 Oct;8(5):360-75. [2] Wakamatsu D et al, Isolation, identification, and structure of a potent
alkyl-peroxyl radical scavenger in crude canola oil, canolol. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Aug;69(8):1568-74. [3] Chisholm A et al, Cholesterol lowering effects of nuts
compared with a Canola oil enriched cereal of similar fat composition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005 Aug;15(4):284-92. [4] Bierenbaum ML et al, Effects of canola oil on
serum lipids in humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 1991 Jun;10(3):228-33. [5] Kuwahara H et al, Antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of 4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (canolol)
isolated from canola oil. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4380-7. [6] Clark C et al, Toxic effects in dairy cattle following the ingestion of a large volume of canola oil.
Can Vet J. 2001 Sep;42(9):721-3. [7] Shackelford DD et al, Determination of ethalfluralin in canola seed, meal, and refined oil by capillary gas chromatography with mass
selective detection. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Sep;48(9):4422-7. [8] Green TJ et al, Low erucic acid canola oil does not induce heart triglyceride accumulation in neonatal
pigs fed formula. Lipids. 2000 Jun;35(6):607-12. [9] Kwon JS et al, Effects of diets high in saturated fatty acids, canola oil, or safflower oil on platelet function, thromboxane
B2 formation, and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Aug;54(2):351-8. [10] McLennan PL et al Dietary canola oil modifies myocardial fatty
acids and inhibits cardiac arrhythmias in rats. J Nutr. 1995 Apr;125(4):1003-9 [11] Aguila MB et al Numerical density of cardiac myocytes in aged rats fed a cholesterol-rich
diet and a canola oil diet (n-3 fatty acid rich). Virchows Arch. 1999 May;434(5):451-3. [12] Nydahl M et al, Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a
lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Dec;14(6):643-51. [13] Aguila MB et al, Morphological and biochemical comparison among
aged rats fed with hyperlipidic and canola oil diet Arq Bras Cardiol. 1997 Mar;68(3):155-61.
Canola oil is marketed as vegetable oil for cooking and use in salads. It is one of
the most widely consumed food oil in Canada, and has been considered as GRAS
(Generally Recognized as Safe) material by the US FDA. It contains 55% of the
monounsaturated fatty acid; oleic acid, 25% linoleic acid and 10% alpha-linolenate
[polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)], and only 4% of the saturated fatty acids
(SFAs). Many health associations recommended the dietary goals for an average
diet containing about 30% of calories as fat made up of less than 10% saturated
fatty acids, and they consider canola oil having benefits on health in general. [1]
ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY
Canolol (4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol ) is a highly potent ROO(*) scavenger,
isolated from crude canola oil (rapeseed). After roasting the seed, the canolol
content increases but it content is low in highly purified canola oil. Researcher
found its potency was much greater than that of well-known antioxidants, including
alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, beta-carotene, rutin, and quercetin. [2]
CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING EFFECTS AND GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
Researchers found that canola oil has benefits on cholesterol. In a study, 28 human
subject with mean levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of 6.0 (1.1)
mmol/L, and 4.1 (1.0)mmol/L, respectively consumed a low saturated fat diet, which
included either 30g/d nuts (nut diet) or one serving of a cereal containing Canola oil
(cereal diet). Researchers found that both diets could lower the total cholesterol
(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to a similar extent. Thus, foods
with a similar fatty acid composition to nuts can produce comparable benefits in
lipoprotein mediated cardiovascular risk. [3]
Lipid-lowering diets containing either rapeseed oil or olive oil may have benefits on
serum lipoprotein concentration and glucose tolerance in hyperlipidemic subjects.
In a study of hyperlipidemic patients, researchers found that canola oil and olive oil
reduced apolipoproteins B, A-I and Lp(a), total serum cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein and the ratio between low-density and high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol to the same extent. However, there was a slightly greater decrease in
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with the diet containing rapeseed (canola) oil
than with the olive oil diet. These two oils improved intravenous glucose tolerance to
a similar extent. [12]
BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING EFFECTS
Canola oil may have benefits on blood pressure-lowering. [4]
ANTI-CANCER / ANTI-MUTAGENIC ACTIVITES
Canolol was recently reported to have benefits on lowering the risk of cell mutation.
Canolol suppressed ONOO(-)-induced bactericidal action. It also reduced
intracellular oxidative stress and apoptosis in human cancer SW480 cells when
used at a concentration below 20 microM under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress.
In addition, canolol suppressed plasmid DNA (pUC19) strand breakage induced by
ONOO(-), as revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. [5]
HEART HEALTH / CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
Regular substitution of canola oil for other dietary lipid sources may assist in
reducing the likelihood of a transient ischemic event leading to life-threatening
cardiac arrhythmias. In a study, researchers randomly assigned rats to one of four
experimental diet groups for 12 wk. The fat source in the diets was 12% olive (63%
oleic acid), canola (55% oleic, 8% alpha-linolenic acid), soybean [50% linoleic
18:2(n-6), 7% alpha-linolenic acid] or sunflower seed oil (64% linoleic acid). The
researchers found that the incidence of ventricular fibrillation, mortality and
arrhythmia score during reperfusion were significantly lower in rats fed the diet
containing canola oil than in those fed other diets. [10]
Canola oil diet was found to have health benefits on heart tissues. In a study, aged
rats fed with canola oil diet was found to have a well-vascularized myocardium,
which is probably associated with preservation of numerical density of the myocytes
in the myocardium of these animals. [11] In another study, aged rats fed with canola
oil diet (rich in n-3 fatty acid) presented morphological cardiovascular and
metabolic changes less important in magnitude than old animals and, mainly, the
same age animals under hyperlipidic diet. [13]
PLATELET FUNCTIONS
Canola oil has demonstrated its benefits on platelet functions in a trial. In this study,
researchers supplied 30 healthy male subjects with a controlled-saturated-fatty-acid
(baseline) diet for 3 wk and then consumed either safflower oil or canola oil as a
major fat source for 8 wk. The researchers studied their platelet function and fatty
acid composition. Compared with baseline, the researchers observed a 35%
decrease in arachidonic acid in platelet phospholipids of the canola-oil diet group.
And, both unsaturated-fatty-acid diets reduced platelet aggregation at 3 wk of
oil-based diet feeding and only canola oil influenced platelet function (lowered ATP
secretion) at 8 wk. [9]
OVERDOSE, TOXICITY, SIDE EFFECTS AND OTHERS
A group of 9 dairy cattle accidentally ingested large volumes of canola oil.
Consequently, four of the animals died, and 3 were necropsied. [6]
Some health organizations do not recommend use of canola oil in infant formula
largely because of concerns over possible accumulation of triglyceride in heart as a
result of the small amounts of erucic acid (22:1n-9) in the oil. [8]
Ethalfluralin is a herbicide that is effective for weed control on a wide variety of
crops, including canola. Researchers analyzed samples from canola seed, meal,
and refined oil and they found no detectable residue of the herbicide. [7]
This Article is for your reference only. Consult with your doctor before using any
supplement or if you have any question.
ALL RIGHT RESERVED 2010 zhion DO NOT COPY THIS ARTICLE TO OTHER WEBSITE(S) OR BLOG(S) OR
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
REFERENCES
[1] Dupont J et al, Food safety and health effects of canola oil. J Am Coll Nutr. 1989 Oct;8(5):360-75. [2] Wakamatsu D et al, Isolation, identification, and structure of a potent
alkyl-peroxyl radical scavenger in crude canola oil, canolol. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Aug;69(8):1568-74. [3] Chisholm A et al, Cholesterol lowering effects of nuts
compared with a Canola oil enriched cereal of similar fat composition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005 Aug;15(4):284-92. [4] Bierenbaum ML et al, Effects of canola oil on
serum lipids in humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 1991 Jun;10(3):228-33. [5] Kuwahara H et al, Antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of 4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (canolol)
isolated from canola oil. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4380-7. [6] Clark C et al, Toxic effects in dairy cattle following the ingestion of a large volume of canola oil.
Can Vet J. 2001 Sep;42(9):721-3. [7] Shackelford DD et al, Determination of ethalfluralin in canola seed, meal, and refined oil by capillary gas chromatography with mass
selective detection. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Sep;48(9):4422-7. [8] Green TJ et al, Low erucic acid canola oil does not induce heart triglyceride accumulation in neonatal
pigs fed formula. Lipids. 2000 Jun;35(6):607-12. [9] Kwon JS et al, Effects of diets high in saturated fatty acids, canola oil, or safflower oil on platelet function, thromboxane
B2 formation, and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Aug;54(2):351-8. [10] McLennan PL et al Dietary canola oil modifies myocardial fatty
acids and inhibits cardiac arrhythmias in rats. J Nutr. 1995 Apr;125(4):1003-9 [11] Aguila MB et al Numerical density of cardiac myocytes in aged rats fed a cholesterol-rich
diet and a canola oil diet (n-3 fatty acid rich). Virchows Arch. 1999 May;434(5):451-3. [12] Nydahl M et al, Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a
lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Dec;14(6):643-51. [13] Aguila MB et al, Morphological and biochemical comparison among
aged rats fed with hyperlipidic and canola oil diet Arq Bras Cardiol. 1997 Mar;68(3):155-61.
| More about the adverse effects of canola oil: Liu JW, Abbott Laboratories Dietary supplementation of a high-gamma-linolenic acid canola oil (HGCO) containing approximately 36% (w/w) of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) from the seeds of a genetically transformed canola strain, was assessed for its long-term biological effects. Result Overall, long-term (12-week) feeding with diets containing up to 15% HGCO resulted in no adverse effects on growth, organ weight, hematology and serum biochemistry as compared to the diet containing 15% borage oil. [J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jun 16;52(12):3960-6.C] |
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