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Acidophilus
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Echinacea
Eleuthero
Ellagic Acid
Eve. Primrose Oil
Fish Oil
Flaxseed
Garlic
Ginger
Ginseng
Ginkgo Biloba
Glucosamine
Gotu Kola
Guar Gum
Hyaluronic acid
Lecithin
Lycopene
Milk Thistle
Nattokinase
Passion Flower
Probiotics
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Polycosanol
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Reishi / Lingzhi
Resveratrol
Rhodiola
Royal Jelly
Stevia
Whey
Xylitol
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Discuss with your doctor before taking any alternative medicine. This article is for
reference only, it is not a medical advice. All rights reserved. Do not copy this article to
other website or blog.
reference only, it is not a medical advice. All rights reserved. Do not copy this article to
other website or blog.
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen
Stapf.) Job's tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi L.)
seeds
This article was prepared on February 22, 2009
Stapf.) Job's tears ( Coix lachryma-jobi L.)
seeds
This article was prepared on February 22, 2009
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf ) is a grass crop, which
has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and also as a nourishing
food. Recently, some studies have indicated that adlay possesses some
pharmacological effects including anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic,
hypolipemic, and anti-diabetic effects. [5]
Adlay may have benefit of anti-cancer activity.
In an in vitro study, Coix seed extract inhibited fatty acid synthase
activity significantly and in a dose-proportional fashion. An in vivo study
showed that Coix seed extract inhibited fatty acid synthase activity in
liver and elevated lipid protein lipase and hepatic lipase activity in the
plasma. [2]
Study demonstrated that the methanolic extract of adlay seed exerted
an antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
and might prevent tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis.
Researchers from Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, demonstrated
the anti-inflammatory effects. In the study, treatment of the methanolic
extract reduced the PGE(2) level in serum and inhibited COX-2
expression of tumor tissues in nude mice. [9,10]
Composition of Job's tears [3,4,11-12]
Protein, ash, naringenin, quercetin, coniferyl alcohol, syringic acid, ferulic
acid, syringaresinol, 4-ketopinoresinol, and a new lignan, mayuenolide,
arabinoxylans (a polysaccharides, mainly a (1,4)-linked beta-d-xylan main
chain highly substituted with single arabinose units) palmitic, stearic,
oleic, and linoleic acids
Adlay has been used as in traditional Chinese medicine to treat
dysmenorrhea. [4]
Dysmenorrhea is directly related to elevated PGF(2alpha) levels. It is
treated with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Researchers
found various methanolic extracts of adlay hull could inhibit uterine
contraction in vitro. Its major ingredients, naringenin and quercetin, can
also inhibit PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions.
Other
One rat study showed that adlay might benefit animals suffered from
osteoporosis. More studies are needed to confirm this finding. [5]
In 1986, researchers from Tohoku University, Japan, reported the
hypoglycemic effects of coix seeds (yokui-nin) extracts - and coixans A, B
and C. They all are glycans. [13] Researchers from Korea found adlay
seed extracts might have anti-obesity effects by regulating
neuro-endocrine activities, reducing food-intake in a study of rats. [7,8]
After taking six tablets of Coix seeds three times a day (a typical dose)
for four weeks, users was found to have higher count of CD3+CD56+
cells and CD16+CD57- cells. This suggests Coix seed extracts may be
used for viral infection. [14]
Adlay hull alters the release of sex hormone. [1,6] This may cause
serious side effects for prolonged use or overdoses.
Researchers from Taiwan incubated Rat Leydig cells with human chorionic
gonadotropin, 8-bromo-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, forskolin,
A23187, progesterone and androstenedione in the presence or absence
of adlay hull. The rat anterior pituitary gland was also treated with
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vitro in the presence or
absence of adlay hull. They found that adlay hull decreased testosterone
release. [1]
.
Reference
[1] Hsia SM, Tseng YW, Wang SW, Kuo YH, Huang DW, Wang PS, Chiang
W. Effect of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) hull extracts
on testosterone release from rat Leydig cells. Phytother Res. 2008 Dec
23. [2] Yu F, Gao J, Zeng Y, Liu CX. Inhibition of Coix seed extract on fatty
acid synthase, a novel target for anticancer activity. J Ethnopharmacol.
2008 Sep 26;119(2):252-8. Epub 2008 Jul 23. [3] Apirattananusorn S,
Tongta S, Cui SW, Wang Q. Chemical, molecular, and structural
characterization of alkali extractable nonstarch polysaccharides from
Job's tears. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Sep 24;56(18):8549-57. Epub 2008
Aug 22. [4] Hsia SM, Kuo YH, Chiang W, Wang PS. Effects of adlay hull
extracts on uterine contraction and Ca2+ mobilization in the rat. Am J
Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Sep;295(3):E719-26. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
[5] Yang RS, Chiang W, Lu YH, Liu SH. Evaluation of osteoporosis
prevention by adlay using a tissue culture model. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.
2008;17 Suppl 1:143-6. [6] Hsia SM, Yeh CL, Kuo YH, Wang PS, Chiang
W. Effects of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) hull
extracts on the secretion of progesterone and estradiol in vivo and in
vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2007 Oct;232(9):1181-94. [7] Kim SO, Yun
SJ, Lee EH. The water extract of adlay seed (Coix lachrymajobi var.
mayuen) exhibits anti-obesity effects through neuroendocrine
modulation. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(2):297-308. [8] Kim SO, Yun SJ, Jung
B, Lee EH, Hahm DH, Shim I, Lee HJ. Hypolipidemic effects of crude extract
of adlay seed (Coix lachrymajobi var. mayuen) in obesity rat fed high fat
diet: relations of TNF-alpha and leptin mRNA expressions and serum lipid
levels. Life Sci. 2004 Jul 30;75(11):1391-404. [9] Hung WC, Chang HC.
Methanolic extract of adlay seed suppresses COX-2 expression of human
lung cancer cells via inhibition of gene transcription. J Agric Food Chem.
2003 Dec 3;51(25):7333-7. [10] Chang HC, Huang YC, Hung WC.
Antiproliferative and chemopreventive effects of adlay seed on lung
cancer in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jun
4;51(12):3656-60. [11] Kuo CC, Chiang W, Liu GP, Chien YL, Chang JY,
Lee CK, Lo JM, Huang SL, Shih MC,
Kuo YH. 2,2'-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active
components from adlay
(Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) hulls J Agric Food Chem. 2002
Oct 9;50(21):5850-5. [12] Numata M, Yamamoto A, Moribayashi A,
Yamada H. Antitumor components isolated from the Chinese herbal
medicine Coix lachryma-jobi. Planta Med. 1994 Aug;60(4):356-9. [13]
Takahashi M, Konno C, Hikino H. Isolation and Hypoglycemic Activity of
Coixans A, B and C, Glycans of Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen Seeds1.
Planta Med. 1986 Feb;52(1):64-5. [14] Hidaka Y, Kaneda T, Amino N,
Miyai K. Chinese medicine, Coix seeds increase peripheral cytotoxic T and
NK cells. Biotherapy. 1992;5(3):201-3.
has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and also as a nourishing
food. Recently, some studies have indicated that adlay possesses some
pharmacological effects including anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic,
hypolipemic, and anti-diabetic effects. [5]
Adlay may have benefit of anti-cancer activity.
In an in vitro study, Coix seed extract inhibited fatty acid synthase
activity significantly and in a dose-proportional fashion. An in vivo study
showed that Coix seed extract inhibited fatty acid synthase activity in
liver and elevated lipid protein lipase and hepatic lipase activity in the
plasma. [2]
Study demonstrated that the methanolic extract of adlay seed exerted
an antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
and might prevent tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis.
Researchers from Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, demonstrated
the anti-inflammatory effects. In the study, treatment of the methanolic
extract reduced the PGE(2) level in serum and inhibited COX-2
expression of tumor tissues in nude mice. [9,10]
Composition of Job's tears [3,4,11-12]
Protein, ash, naringenin, quercetin, coniferyl alcohol, syringic acid, ferulic
acid, syringaresinol, 4-ketopinoresinol, and a new lignan, mayuenolide,
arabinoxylans (a polysaccharides, mainly a (1,4)-linked beta-d-xylan main
chain highly substituted with single arabinose units) palmitic, stearic,
oleic, and linoleic acids
Adlay has been used as in traditional Chinese medicine to treat
dysmenorrhea. [4]
Dysmenorrhea is directly related to elevated PGF(2alpha) levels. It is
treated with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Researchers
found various methanolic extracts of adlay hull could inhibit uterine
contraction in vitro. Its major ingredients, naringenin and quercetin, can
also inhibit PGF(2alpha)-induced uterine contractions.
Other
One rat study showed that adlay might benefit animals suffered from
osteoporosis. More studies are needed to confirm this finding. [5]
In 1986, researchers from Tohoku University, Japan, reported the
hypoglycemic effects of coix seeds (yokui-nin) extracts - and coixans A, B
and C. They all are glycans. [13] Researchers from Korea found adlay
seed extracts might have anti-obesity effects by regulating
neuro-endocrine activities, reducing food-intake in a study of rats. [7,8]
After taking six tablets of Coix seeds three times a day (a typical dose)
for four weeks, users was found to have higher count of CD3+CD56+
cells and CD16+CD57- cells. This suggests Coix seed extracts may be
used for viral infection. [14]
Adlay hull alters the release of sex hormone. [1,6] This may cause
serious side effects for prolonged use or overdoses.
Researchers from Taiwan incubated Rat Leydig cells with human chorionic
gonadotropin, 8-bromo-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, forskolin,
A23187, progesterone and androstenedione in the presence or absence
of adlay hull. The rat anterior pituitary gland was also treated with
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vitro in the presence or
absence of adlay hull. They found that adlay hull decreased testosterone
release. [1]
.
Reference
[1] Hsia SM, Tseng YW, Wang SW, Kuo YH, Huang DW, Wang PS, Chiang
W. Effect of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) hull extracts
on testosterone release from rat Leydig cells. Phytother Res. 2008 Dec
23. [2] Yu F, Gao J, Zeng Y, Liu CX. Inhibition of Coix seed extract on fatty
acid synthase, a novel target for anticancer activity. J Ethnopharmacol.
2008 Sep 26;119(2):252-8. Epub 2008 Jul 23. [3] Apirattananusorn S,
Tongta S, Cui SW, Wang Q. Chemical, molecular, and structural
characterization of alkali extractable nonstarch polysaccharides from
Job's tears. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Sep 24;56(18):8549-57. Epub 2008
Aug 22. [4] Hsia SM, Kuo YH, Chiang W, Wang PS. Effects of adlay hull
extracts on uterine contraction and Ca2+ mobilization in the rat. Am J
Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Sep;295(3):E719-26. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
[5] Yang RS, Chiang W, Lu YH, Liu SH. Evaluation of osteoporosis
prevention by adlay using a tissue culture model. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.
2008;17 Suppl 1:143-6. [6] Hsia SM, Yeh CL, Kuo YH, Wang PS, Chiang
W. Effects of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) hull
extracts on the secretion of progesterone and estradiol in vivo and in
vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2007 Oct;232(9):1181-94. [7] Kim SO, Yun
SJ, Lee EH. The water extract of adlay seed (Coix lachrymajobi var.
mayuen) exhibits anti-obesity effects through neuroendocrine
modulation. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(2):297-308. [8] Kim SO, Yun SJ, Jung
B, Lee EH, Hahm DH, Shim I, Lee HJ. Hypolipidemic effects of crude extract
of adlay seed (Coix lachrymajobi var. mayuen) in obesity rat fed high fat
diet: relations of TNF-alpha and leptin mRNA expressions and serum lipid
levels. Life Sci. 2004 Jul 30;75(11):1391-404. [9] Hung WC, Chang HC.
Methanolic extract of adlay seed suppresses COX-2 expression of human
lung cancer cells via inhibition of gene transcription. J Agric Food Chem.
2003 Dec 3;51(25):7333-7. [10] Chang HC, Huang YC, Hung WC.
Antiproliferative and chemopreventive effects of adlay seed on lung
cancer in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jun
4;51(12):3656-60. [11] Kuo CC, Chiang W, Liu GP, Chien YL, Chang JY,
Lee CK, Lo JM, Huang SL, Shih MC,
Kuo YH. 2,2'-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active
components from adlay
(Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) hulls J Agric Food Chem. 2002
Oct 9;50(21):5850-5. [12] Numata M, Yamamoto A, Moribayashi A,
Yamada H. Antitumor components isolated from the Chinese herbal
medicine Coix lachryma-jobi. Planta Med. 1994 Aug;60(4):356-9. [13]
Takahashi M, Konno C, Hikino H. Isolation and Hypoglycemic Activity of
Coixans A, B and C, Glycans of Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen Seeds1.
Planta Med. 1986 Feb;52(1):64-5. [14] Hidaka Y, Kaneda T, Amino N,
Miyai K. Chinese medicine, Coix seeds increase peripheral cytotoxic T and
NK cells. Biotherapy. 1992;5(3):201-3.
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