STIMULANTS - GROWTH HORMONE
SECRETION; RESEARCH REVIEW
SECRETION; RESEARCH REVIEW
GROWTH HORMONE SCRETION STIMULATION
by Zhion April 2005
The growth hormone (GH) secretion declines by 14% with each decade of adult life.
Several attempts have been made to reverse the manifestations of the senile GH
deficiency, termed somatopause, but GH substitution treatment in old age has not
yet developed an established regimen
GHRH GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) is an effective inducer of GH release in
growing calves.
[Itoh F et al, GH secretory responses to ghrelin and GHRH in growing and lactating
dairy cattle, Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2005 Jan;28(1):34-45.]
ACIPIMOX- Acipimox is a nicotinic acid analog which has been shown to stimulate
growth hormone secretion in adult and short healthy prepubertal children. In the
study of the children, no side effects other than mild facial flushing were noted after
acipimox administration. [Lanes R et al, Acipimox, a nicotinic acid analog, stimulates
growth hormone secretion in short healthy prepubertal children , J Pediatr
Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep-Oct;13(8):1115-20.
ESTRADIOL- Estradiol stimulates pulsatile growth hormone secretion, at least in
part, possibly by enhancing the release and/or action of hypothalamic growth
hormone releasing hormone. [Veldhuis JD et al, Estradiol supplementation in
postmenopausal women doubles rebound-like release of growth hormone (GH)
triggered by sequential infusion and withdrawal of somatostatin: evidence that
estrogen facilitates endogenous GH-releasing hormone drive, J Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):121-7].
Subcutaneous injection of estradiol to ovariectomized goats increased the GH pulse
amplitude and AUC. [Yonezawa T, Modulation of Growth Hormone Pulsatility by Sex
Steroids in Female Goats Endocrinology. 2005 Mar 10]
GHRELIN- Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion via growth hormone
secretagogue receptors, and it increases appetite. Ghrelin secretion in the stomach
depends on both acute and chronic changes in energy balance. Presently available
data support the hypothesis that the stomach, in addition to its important role in
digestion, not only influences pituitary hormone secretion via ghrelin production but
it also sends orexigenic (caloric intake , appetite increasing) signals to hypothalamic
nuclei involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Abnormal ghrelin activity
leads to over- or underweight. [Garweg C, Ghrelin and obesity, Rev Med Liege.
2005 Jan;60(1):35-40]. [Chanoine JP, Ghrelin in Growth and Development, Horm
Res. 2005 Mar 24;63(3):129-138] Pusztai P , Ghrelin: a new peptide regulating the
neurohormonal system and energy homeostasis, Orv Hetil. 2004 Dec
19;145(51):2569-73] [Hashizume T et al, Effects of ghrelin on growth hormone
secretion in vivo in ruminants , Regul Pept. 2005 Mar 15;126(1-2):61-5.
RIVASTIGMINE- Rivastigmine, a cerebral selective cholinesterase-inhibitor (ChEI),
was shown to be a powerful drug to enhance GH release to repeated GHRH
stimulation in healthy elderly human subjects. [Obermayr RP et al, The age-related
down-regulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in the elderly
male is reversed considerably by donepezil, a drug for Alzheimer's disease, Exp
Gerontol. 2005 Mar;40(3):157-163. Epub 2004 Dec 23.]
ASTRAGALUS- Kim C et al at Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine found A. Radix
extract induced growth hormone release in the rat pituitary cell culture. [Kim C et al,
Induction of growth hormone by the roots of Astragalus membranaceus in pituitary
cell culture, Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;26(1):34-9]
ZN LI L et al at 304th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing found that
supplementation of Zn rapidly raised the Zn and growth hormone serum levels. [Li L
et al, Effects of supplement Zn on levels of Zn in serum, growth hormone and
hydroxyproline, Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1998
Nov;14(6):425-8.
Acute supplementation with zinc or vitamin E did not influence the effects of
exhaustive running on metabolic and endocrine responses in women. [Singh A et al,
Neuroendocrine responses to running in women after zinc and vitamin E
supplementation, Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Apr;31(4):536-42.]
ARGININE Cochard A et al at Laboratoire du jeune ruminant, France found that
arginine increased growth hormone in a dose-dependent manner. [Cochard A et al,
Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin and amino acid responses to arginine with or
without aspartic acid in pigs. Effect of the dose, Reprod Nutr Dev. 1998
May-Jun;38(3):331-43]
Japanese had similar findings from a study of rats [Hebiguchi T et al, The effect of
arginine supplementation on growth hormone release and intestinal mucosal growth
after massive small bowel resection in growing rats, J Pediatr Surg. 1997
Aug;32(8):1149-53.]
HOWEVER, Marcell TJ et al at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, found
that Arg does not stimulate GH secretion and may impair GH release during resistive
exercise. [Marcell TJ et al, Oral arginine does not stimulate basal or augment
exercise-induced GH secretion in either young or old adults, J Gerontol A Biol Sci
Med Sci. 1999 Aug;54(8):M395-9.] Fligger JM et al, also found supplementary L-Arg
does not increase plasma GH concentrations. [Fligger JM et al, Arginine
supplementation increases weight gain, depresses antibody production, and alters
circulating leukocyte profiles in preruminant calves without affecting plasma growth
hormone concentrations., J Anim Sci. 1997 Nov;75(11):3019-25.]
FIBER ENERGY SUPPLEMENTS- Houseknecht KL et al at University of Georgia,
Athens found that basal growth hormone concentration and peak amplitude were
higher in low energy-fiber than in high energy-starch and high energy-fiber
treatments. [Houseknecht KL et al, Effect of dietary energy source and level on
serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, growth and body composition in
beef heifers, J Anim Sci. 1988 Nov;66(11):2916-23.]
On the other hand, high-protein diet is found to decrease plasma growth hormone
levels. [Clarke IJ et al, Effect of high-protein feed supplements on concentrations of
growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3
in plasma and on the amounts of GH and messenger RNA for GH in the pituitary
glands of adult rams. J Endocrinol. 1993 Sep;138(3):421-7]
GLUCOCORTICOID- A stimulation of specific growth hormone synthesis was
observed at 10(-9) M dexamethasone, and the maximum stimulation was found at
dexamethasone concentrations of about 10(-8) to 10(-7) M in a study of rat pituitary
cell suspension culture. [Yu LY et al, Glucocorticoid induction of growth hormone
synthesis in a strain of rat pituitary cells, J Biol Chem. 1977 Jun 10;252(11):3870-5.]
GLYCINE, GLUTAMINE AND NIACIN- Arwert LI et al at VU University Medical
Center, The Netherlands found that oral mixture of glycine, glutamine and niacin can
enhance GH secretion in healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects in their study of
14 men and 29 women. [Arwert LI et al, Effects of an oral mixture containing glycine,
glutamine and niacin on memory, growth hormone and IGF-I secretion in
middle-aged and elderly subjects, utr Neurosci. 2003 Oct;6(5):269-75.]
CREATINE- In resting conditions and at high dosages creatine enhances growth
hormone secretion, mimicking the response of strong exercise which also stimulates
growth hormone secretion. [Schedel JM et al, Acute creatine loading enhances
human growth hormone secretion. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000
Dec;40(4):336-42.]
L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L: -DOPA) is considered as an anti-parkinsonian
chemical against parkinsonian symptoms. [Amino Acids. 2005 Mar;28(2):157-64.
Epub 2005 Mar 9]. But, it may induce neurotoxicity. [Neurotox Res.
2003;5(3):165-76.] A 500 mg L-Dopa administration in normal and cirrhotic subjects
does not determinate a significant varation of plasma glucose and insulin level, while
a peak plasma GH level in both cirrhotic and normal subjects occurred at 90' with a
significantly greates values in cirrhotics. [Greco AV et al, GH secretion after L-dopa
administration in hepatic cirrhosis, Minerva Med. 1976 Oct 6;67(47):3027-32.]
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine administration increases the growth hormone
(GH) responses to GH-release hormone of young and elderly subjects. [Horm Metab
Res. 1992 Mar;24(3):119-21], alpha-GPC is able to increase the amount of
acetylcholine released by rat hippocampus slices following potassium stimulation
[Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1991 Aug;39(4):835-40]
YOU SHOULD CHECK AND UNDERSTAND THE SIDE-EFFECTS OF ANY
GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTS WITH YOUR DOCTOR BEFORE USING THEM.
THIS ARICLE IS FOR YOUR REFERENCE ONLY. YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR
DOCTOR BEFORE USING ANY PRODUCT OR ANY QUESTION. ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED 2006
by Zhion April 2005
The growth hormone (GH) secretion declines by 14% with each decade of adult life.
Several attempts have been made to reverse the manifestations of the senile GH
deficiency, termed somatopause, but GH substitution treatment in old age has not
yet developed an established regimen
GHRH GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) is an effective inducer of GH release in
growing calves.
[Itoh F et al, GH secretory responses to ghrelin and GHRH in growing and lactating
dairy cattle, Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2005 Jan;28(1):34-45.]
ACIPIMOX- Acipimox is a nicotinic acid analog which has been shown to stimulate
growth hormone secretion in adult and short healthy prepubertal children. In the
study of the children, no side effects other than mild facial flushing were noted after
acipimox administration. [Lanes R et al, Acipimox, a nicotinic acid analog, stimulates
growth hormone secretion in short healthy prepubertal children , J Pediatr
Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep-Oct;13(8):1115-20.
ESTRADIOL- Estradiol stimulates pulsatile growth hormone secretion, at least in
part, possibly by enhancing the release and/or action of hypothalamic growth
hormone releasing hormone. [Veldhuis JD et al, Estradiol supplementation in
postmenopausal women doubles rebound-like release of growth hormone (GH)
triggered by sequential infusion and withdrawal of somatostatin: evidence that
estrogen facilitates endogenous GH-releasing hormone drive, J Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):121-7].
Subcutaneous injection of estradiol to ovariectomized goats increased the GH pulse
amplitude and AUC. [Yonezawa T, Modulation of Growth Hormone Pulsatility by Sex
Steroids in Female Goats Endocrinology. 2005 Mar 10]
GHRELIN- Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion via growth hormone
secretagogue receptors, and it increases appetite. Ghrelin secretion in the stomach
depends on both acute and chronic changes in energy balance. Presently available
data support the hypothesis that the stomach, in addition to its important role in
digestion, not only influences pituitary hormone secretion via ghrelin production but
it also sends orexigenic (caloric intake , appetite increasing) signals to hypothalamic
nuclei involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Abnormal ghrelin activity
leads to over- or underweight. [Garweg C, Ghrelin and obesity, Rev Med Liege.
2005 Jan;60(1):35-40]. [Chanoine JP, Ghrelin in Growth and Development, Horm
Res. 2005 Mar 24;63(3):129-138] Pusztai P , Ghrelin: a new peptide regulating the
neurohormonal system and energy homeostasis, Orv Hetil. 2004 Dec
19;145(51):2569-73] [Hashizume T et al, Effects of ghrelin on growth hormone
secretion in vivo in ruminants , Regul Pept. 2005 Mar 15;126(1-2):61-5.
RIVASTIGMINE- Rivastigmine, a cerebral selective cholinesterase-inhibitor (ChEI),
was shown to be a powerful drug to enhance GH release to repeated GHRH
stimulation in healthy elderly human subjects. [Obermayr RP et al, The age-related
down-regulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in the elderly
male is reversed considerably by donepezil, a drug for Alzheimer's disease, Exp
Gerontol. 2005 Mar;40(3):157-163. Epub 2004 Dec 23.]
ASTRAGALUS- Kim C et al at Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine found A. Radix
extract induced growth hormone release in the rat pituitary cell culture. [Kim C et al,
Induction of growth hormone by the roots of Astragalus membranaceus in pituitary
cell culture, Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;26(1):34-9]
ZN LI L et al at 304th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing found that
supplementation of Zn rapidly raised the Zn and growth hormone serum levels. [Li L
et al, Effects of supplement Zn on levels of Zn in serum, growth hormone and
hydroxyproline, Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1998
Nov;14(6):425-8.
Acute supplementation with zinc or vitamin E did not influence the effects of
exhaustive running on metabolic and endocrine responses in women. [Singh A et al,
Neuroendocrine responses to running in women after zinc and vitamin E
supplementation, Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Apr;31(4):536-42.]
ARGININE Cochard A et al at Laboratoire du jeune ruminant, France found that
arginine increased growth hormone in a dose-dependent manner. [Cochard A et al,
Plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin and amino acid responses to arginine with or
without aspartic acid in pigs. Effect of the dose, Reprod Nutr Dev. 1998
May-Jun;38(3):331-43]
Japanese had similar findings from a study of rats [Hebiguchi T et al, The effect of
arginine supplementation on growth hormone release and intestinal mucosal growth
after massive small bowel resection in growing rats, J Pediatr Surg. 1997
Aug;32(8):1149-53.]
HOWEVER, Marcell TJ et al at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, found
that Arg does not stimulate GH secretion and may impair GH release during resistive
exercise. [Marcell TJ et al, Oral arginine does not stimulate basal or augment
exercise-induced GH secretion in either young or old adults, J Gerontol A Biol Sci
Med Sci. 1999 Aug;54(8):M395-9.] Fligger JM et al, also found supplementary L-Arg
does not increase plasma GH concentrations. [Fligger JM et al, Arginine
supplementation increases weight gain, depresses antibody production, and alters
circulating leukocyte profiles in preruminant calves without affecting plasma growth
hormone concentrations., J Anim Sci. 1997 Nov;75(11):3019-25.]
FIBER ENERGY SUPPLEMENTS- Houseknecht KL et al at University of Georgia,
Athens found that basal growth hormone concentration and peak amplitude were
higher in low energy-fiber than in high energy-starch and high energy-fiber
treatments. [Houseknecht KL et al, Effect of dietary energy source and level on
serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, growth and body composition in
beef heifers, J Anim Sci. 1988 Nov;66(11):2916-23.]
On the other hand, high-protein diet is found to decrease plasma growth hormone
levels. [Clarke IJ et al, Effect of high-protein feed supplements on concentrations of
growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3
in plasma and on the amounts of GH and messenger RNA for GH in the pituitary
glands of adult rams. J Endocrinol. 1993 Sep;138(3):421-7]
GLUCOCORTICOID- A stimulation of specific growth hormone synthesis was
observed at 10(-9) M dexamethasone, and the maximum stimulation was found at
dexamethasone concentrations of about 10(-8) to 10(-7) M in a study of rat pituitary
cell suspension culture. [Yu LY et al, Glucocorticoid induction of growth hormone
synthesis in a strain of rat pituitary cells, J Biol Chem. 1977 Jun 10;252(11):3870-5.]
GLYCINE, GLUTAMINE AND NIACIN- Arwert LI et al at VU University Medical
Center, The Netherlands found that oral mixture of glycine, glutamine and niacin can
enhance GH secretion in healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects in their study of
14 men and 29 women. [Arwert LI et al, Effects of an oral mixture containing glycine,
glutamine and niacin on memory, growth hormone and IGF-I secretion in
middle-aged and elderly subjects, utr Neurosci. 2003 Oct;6(5):269-75.]
CREATINE- In resting conditions and at high dosages creatine enhances growth
hormone secretion, mimicking the response of strong exercise which also stimulates
growth hormone secretion. [Schedel JM et al, Acute creatine loading enhances
human growth hormone secretion. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000
Dec;40(4):336-42.]
L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L: -DOPA) is considered as an anti-parkinsonian
chemical against parkinsonian symptoms. [Amino Acids. 2005 Mar;28(2):157-64.
Epub 2005 Mar 9]. But, it may induce neurotoxicity. [Neurotox Res.
2003;5(3):165-76.] A 500 mg L-Dopa administration in normal and cirrhotic subjects
does not determinate a significant varation of plasma glucose and insulin level, while
a peak plasma GH level in both cirrhotic and normal subjects occurred at 90' with a
significantly greates values in cirrhotics. [Greco AV et al, GH secretion after L-dopa
administration in hepatic cirrhosis, Minerva Med. 1976 Oct 6;67(47):3027-32.]
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine administration increases the growth hormone
(GH) responses to GH-release hormone of young and elderly subjects. [Horm Metab
Res. 1992 Mar;24(3):119-21], alpha-GPC is able to increase the amount of
acetylcholine released by rat hippocampus slices following potassium stimulation
[Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1991 Aug;39(4):835-40]
YOU SHOULD CHECK AND UNDERSTAND THE SIDE-EFFECTS OF ANY
GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTS WITH YOUR DOCTOR BEFORE USING THEM.
THIS ARICLE IS FOR YOUR REFERENCE ONLY. YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR
DOCTOR BEFORE USING ANY PRODUCT OR ANY QUESTION. ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED 2006
| Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) The bodies of some children don't produce enough growth hormone on their own. If a child is in lack of growth hormone, there will be a noticeable slowing of growth in height. Other signs and symptoms for children with growth hormone deficiency may include hypoglycemia (very low blood sugars), seizures and "looking younger" than other kids. [mycommunicare.com online publication, April 26, 2005] |
| Genotropin (somatropin [rDNA origin] for injection) is an exact copy of the natural growth hormone. Genotropin is used with the child fails to grow because his or her body does not produce enough growth hormone. Growth hormone therapy should not be used in patients suffered from cancer. Growth hormone deficiency .mycommunicare.com, on-line publication, April 2005. |
