Aniracetam

aniracetam
Draganon, Sarpul, Ampamet, Reset, Spectrum_001342,
Tocris-0867,

Aniracetam is a pyrrolidinone-type cognition enhancer that has been
clinically used in the treatment of behavioral and psychological
symptoms of dementia following stroke and in Alzheimer's disease.
[1]

Aniracetam appears to positively modulate metabotropic glutamate
receptors and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic
acid (AMPA)-sensitive glutamate receptors, and may facilitate
cholinergic transmission. [2]

Results from early trials in elderly patients with mild to moderate
cognitive impairment due to senile dementia of the Alzheimer type
suggest that aniracetam may be of benefit. Aniracetam 1500 mg/day
was significantly more effective than placebo in all tests at 4 and 6
months, and in a further 6-month trial was more effective than
piracetam 2400 mg/day in 8 of 18 tests. [2]

Preliminary evidence in the treatment of patients with cognitive
impairment of cerebrovascular origin suggests aniracetam may also
be of benefit in this condition. Whilst incidence rates of adverse
effects are not yet available, data from trials suggest aniracetam is
well tolerated. [2]

In a study, ethanol, administered orally at a moderate dose (4
g/kg/24 h; 38% v/v) during the entire course of pregnancy, caused
severe cognitive deficits in offspring. Furthermore, both progeny
genders were affected by a spectrum of behavioral abnormalities,
such as a delay in the development of the righting reflex, poor
novelty seeking behavior, and high anxiety levels in female rats.
Administration of aniracetam for 10 days (post-natal days (PND)
18-27), at a dose of 50 mg/kg reversed cognitive deficits in both rat
genders, indicated by a significant increase in the number of
avoidances and the number of 'good learners'. [3]

Reference

[1]Nakamura K. Aniracetam: its novel therapeutic potential in
cerebral dysfunctional disorders based on recent pharmacological
discoveries. CNS Drug Rev. 2002 Spring;8(1):70-89. [2] Lee CR,
Benfield P. Aniracetam. An overview of its pharmacodynamic and
pharmacokinetic properties, and a review of its therapeutic potential
in senile cognitive disorders. Drugs Aging. 1994 Mar;4(3):257-73. [3]
Vaglenova J, Pandiella N, Wijayawardhane N, Vaithianathan T, Birru
S, Breese C, Suppiramaniam V, Randal C. Aniracetam reversed
learning and memory deficits following prenatal ethanol exposure by
modulating functions of synaptic AMPA receptors.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Apr;33(5):1071-83. Epub 2007 Jul
4.

[1A] http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Aniracetam is an antidepressive agent and an nootropic agent.

Antidepressive agents are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in
the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several
MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants
apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of
catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as
antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also
appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group
(ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group
of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.

Nootropic agents are drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or
memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with
dementias. These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. While no
potent nootropic drugs have yet been accepted for general use,
several are being actively investigated. [1A]

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