How does a baby get cancer
from his/her mom?
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“Since 1866 there have been some 17 documented cases
(including the present study) of a baby developing the same
cancer as its mother, suggesting that the mother’s cancer cells
had metastasized to the developing foetus.” – Nature.com,
October 13, 2009. [1]

British researchers have found that a 28-year-old mother, who
died of leukaemia, passed on her malignant cells to her daughter
in the womb. [2]

Samples of the baby's blood and those of the mother examined by
Mel Greaves, of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in Surrey
using "genetic fingerprinting" showed that they both contained
exactly the same rogue cancer cells. Individual cancers develop
genetic mutations randomly and no two cancers are the same,
unless they have the same source.  And in this case, the mother
and daughter had the same mutations, thus, the cancer must
have been passed across the placenta. [2]

The researchers found that cancer cells from the mother and the
child had the same mutation in the oncogene BCR-ABL1 — but
that this mutation hadn't been inherited, indicating that the cell
had passed to the fetus during the pregnancy. [1]

In general, when the cells did cross the placental barrier, the
child's immune system should have recognized them as foreign
invaders and destroyed them.  [4] The researchers examined the
genes of the cancer cells in the infant and found a deletion
mutation. The absence of these molecules on the cancer cells
meant that the infant’s immune system would not have recognized
that they were foreign. [3] This study indicates the importance of
the immune system to protect patients from leukaemia.

Reference:
[1] Mom passes cancer to baby, blogs.nature.com – October 13,
2009 [2] Richard Alleyne, Mother passes on cancer to unborn
baby, Telegraph.co.uk, October 13, 2009. [3] Pregnant women
with cancer can pass disease to unborn baby, study shows, The
Times, October 13, 2009 [4] Sarah Boseley, Scientists prove
cancer can be passed on in the womb, Guardian.co.uk, October
13, 2009