| Gotu kola Reviews Recent studies demonstrated that Gotu kola destroyed cultured tumor cells in the laboratory setting (in vitro), promoted wound healing and more. This article summarize a few possible gotu kola benefits. |
Gotu kola herb
Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) is a slender, creeping plant that grows mainly in swampy areas of India, Sri Lanka,
Madagascara and South Africa. Because gotu kola's leaves are about the size of an old British penny, people also
called it Indian pennywort, marsh penny or water pennywort.
Gotu Kola was considered as a spiritual herb in Ayurveda and it is used with meditation to revitalize the nerves and
brain cells. In traditional medicine, gotu kola is believed to help develop the crown charka, the energy center at the
top of the head. Gotu Kola is commonly used for "brain elevation". As early as in 1950s, Ratsimamanga AR et al
and Antonelli NS et al reported that gotu kola might have benefits on refractory wounds, such as leprosy, lupus and
ulcers.[1-5]. And the key ingredient of gotu kola is known to be asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene. [6-9]
POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES
Oral treatment with crude methanol extract of gotu kola for 14 days was found to increase the anti-oxidant
enzymes, like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and anti-oxidants like glutathione and
ascorbic acid decreased in lymphoma-bearing mice. [10] In another study, gotu Kola rendered radioprotection to
DNA and membranes against radiation exposure, both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of the extract was possibly
able to prevent a radiation-induced decline in antioxidant enzyme levels. [A2]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - DIABETES
Gotu Kola tablets, dosage 60 mg twice daily for 12 months, is effective in improving the microcirculation in diabetic
microangiopathy and neuropathy, Treatment was well tolerated; no side effects were reported. [Angiology. 2001
Oct;52 Suppl 2:S27-31]
Thirty patients with diabetic microangiopathy were treated for 6 months with total triterpenic fraction of Centella
asiatica (dosage 60 mg twice daily). After six months, there was a significant improvement of microcirculatory
parameter in patients treated with gotu kola. [Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S49-54.]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY, HYPERTENSION
In a study of 94 patients suffered from venous insufficiency of the lower limbs, researchers found improvements in
symptoms of heaviness in the lower limbs and edema in the group treated with titrated extract of gotu kola [11]
Total triterpenic fraction of gotu kola may benefit people with chronic venous hypertension and it may protect the
venous endothelium. The triterpenic fraction is active on connective tissue modulation, it improves the synthesis of
collagen and other tissue proteins by modulating the action of fibroblasts in the vein wall, and stimulates collagen
remodeling in and around the venous wall. Thus, it may have benefits in venous hypertension and edema or
protection against the deterioration of microcirculation (due to diabetic microangiopathy), but more studies are
needed to confirm this thought/finding. [12]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - WOUND HEALING
Human skin fibroblast culture studies suggest guta kola may benefit people with wounds. Its wound healing action is
found to be related to collagen and fibronectin. [13]
In 1999, a study showed that topical asiaticoside application twice daily for 7 days to excision-type cutaneous
wounds in rats led to increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, namely superoxide dismutase (35%),
catalase (67%), glutathione peroxidase (49%), vitamin E (77%) and ascorbic acid (36%) in newly formed tissues.
These enhanced induction of antioxidant levels may further suggest the benefits of guta kola on wound healing.
[14] On the other hand, asiaticoside was found to induce cell-cycle progression, proliferation and collagen
synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. This may be another way how guta kola benefit the wound healing process.
Again, clinical studies are needed to support this potential benefits. [15]
In a study of rats suffered from gastric ulcer, the healing effect (the reduction of the ulcer size) of gotu kola water
extract/asiaticoside was dose-dependent. The healing effect seems to be related to NO synthesis inhibition. [17]
Furthermore, gotu kola juice was found to increase mucin secretion in rats, this may offer protection from ethanol-,
aspirin, cold-restraint stress- and pyloric ligation. [18]On the other hand, gotu kola water extract and asiaticoside
was found to upregulate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in ulcer tissue of rats suffered from gastric
ulcers. [19]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - ANTI-HSV-II
Aqueous extract of gotu kola was found to be high effective on inhibition of HSV-II. [16]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - CANCER
Gotu Kola is believed to have many benefits on patients suffered from cancers; at least, it enhanced the anti-tumor
activities of vincristine in cell studies [17]
SKIN CANCER
A study demonstrated that asiatic acid (gotu kola) could induce apoptosis of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells via
generation of ROS, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3, but p53-independent. Consequently,
asiatic acid (gotu kola) may have potential health benefits on human skin cancer. [18]
GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA
A Japanese scientist prepared methanol extract from the aerial parts of gotu kola. This extract contained ursolic
acid lactone, ursolic acid, pomolic acid, 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-epimaslinic acid, asiatic
acid, corosolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. They found that all these compounds from gotu kola had antiproliferative
activities against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1), human uterine carcinoma (HeLa), and murine melanoma
(B16F10) cells was estimated. [19]
UTERINE CARCINOMA
Yoshida M et al, Fukuoka University, Japan prepared methanol extract from the aerial parts of gotu kola. This gotu
kola extract contained ursolic acid lactone, ursolic acid, pomolic acid, 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic
acid, 3-epimaslinic acid, asiatic acid, corosolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. They found that all these compounds had
antiproliferative activities against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1), human uterine carcinoma (HeLa), and
murine melanoma (B16F10) cells was estimated. [20]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - HEART / LiVER
Gnanapragasam A et al, University of Madras, India, found that pre-co-treatment with gotu kola (200 mg/kg of body
wt/oral) extract significantly prevented the alterations of the levels of serum makers LDH, CPK, GOT and GPT for
myocardial damage as well as several important antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST during the
treatment of adriamycin. [21]
Ming ZJ et al, Suzhou University, Jiangsu, found that total glucosides of gotu kola could improve the liver functions
(in terms of serum ALT, AST, HA) as well as liver fibrosis during the treatment with dimethylnitrosamine in animal
studies. [22]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - NEURON PROTECTION
How does gotu benefit conditions like Alzheimer's Disease? Here are some answers:
Lee MK et al, Seoul National University, Korea, modified the chemical structure of asiatic acid (from gotu kola) and
obtained 36 derivatives and they found three derivatives significantly mitigated the neurotoxicity induced by
glutamate in their screening system. The neuroprotective activities of these 3 derivatives appeared to be more
powerful than that of asiatic acid itself. These 3 derivatives significantly attenuated decreases in the levels of
glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and other enzymes, which participate in the cellular defense mechanisms
blunting oxidative stress. Furthermore, they also significantly reduced the overproduction of NO induced by
glutamate. [Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2000 Jul-Aug;108(1-2):75-86]
Considering, oxidative stress or an impaired endogenous anti-oxidant mechanism is an important factor for
Alzheimer's disease and Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (IS) in rats has been likened to sporadic Alzheimer's
disease in humans, Veerendra Kumar MH et al, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, studied the effect of an
aqueous extract of gotu kola on IS- rats. They found that rats treated with gotu kola showed a dose-dependent
increase in cognitive behaviour. They concluded that aqueous extract of C. asiatica is effective in preventing the
cognitive deficits, as well as the oxidative stress, caused by Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) streptozotocin in rats.
[Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003 May-Jun;30(5-6):336-42]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - RADIATION
Sharma et al, University of Rajasthan, India, found gotu kola dose increased the survival time of the mice
significantly, when the mice were irradiated with Co 60 gamma radiation externally. [Phytother Res. 2002
Dec;16(8):785-6]
Potential GOTU KOLA Health Benefits
Potential Benefits on Brain Researchers from Michigan State University showed that the neuroprotective
properties of asiatic acid (a key ingredient from Gotu Kola) might be mediated in part through decreased
blood-brain barrier permeability and reduction in mitochondrial injury in a mouse model of permanent cerebral
ischemia. Asiatic acid significantly reduced the infarct volume by 60% at day 1 and by 26% at day 7 postischemia
and improved neurological outcome at 24 hr postischemia. [A1]
Centella asiatica extract altered amyloid beta pathology in the brains of PSAPP mice and modulating components
of the oxidative stress response that has been implicated in the neurodegenerative changes that occur with
Alzheimer's disease. [A4]
Potential Benefits on Joints Researchers from Centre for Specialised Nutrition demonstrated that Centella
asiatica fraction was able to inhibit the zymosan-induced cartilage degradation in vivo without affecting the
zymosan-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and joint swelling. [A3]
________________________________________________________________________________
Gotu Kola Side Effects??
Some websites say asiaticoside is associated with tumor in an animal study. But an in vitro study indicates
asiaticoside is an anti-tumor agent and enhanced anti-tumor activity of vincristine in the study. [A5] Overdosage of
gotu kola may cause side effects such as headache, stomach upset, nausea, dizziness, and extreme drowsiness.
For details, please, click Gotu Kola Side Effects.
______________________________________________________________________________
Gotu Kola Tea Benefits
Gotu Kola Tea has been claimed to have benefits of enhancing brain and memory functions, treating Alzheimer's
Disease and overcoming stress and fatigue by online venders. Unfortunately, these claims have no or very limited
direct scientific support. Clinical studies or at least more animal studies are needed to verify these gotu kola tea
benefits.
________________________________________________________________________________
Cellulite Hair Loss
Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) is a slender, creeping plant that grows mainly in swampy areas of India, Sri Lanka,
Madagascara and South Africa. Because gotu kola's leaves are about the size of an old British penny, people also
called it Indian pennywort, marsh penny or water pennywort.
Gotu Kola was considered as a spiritual herb in Ayurveda and it is used with meditation to revitalize the nerves and
brain cells. In traditional medicine, gotu kola is believed to help develop the crown charka, the energy center at the
top of the head. Gotu Kola is commonly used for "brain elevation". As early as in 1950s, Ratsimamanga AR et al
and Antonelli NS et al reported that gotu kola might have benefits on refractory wounds, such as leprosy, lupus and
ulcers.[1-5]. And the key ingredient of gotu kola is known to be asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene. [6-9]
POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES
Oral treatment with crude methanol extract of gotu kola for 14 days was found to increase the anti-oxidant
enzymes, like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and anti-oxidants like glutathione and
ascorbic acid decreased in lymphoma-bearing mice. [10] In another study, gotu Kola rendered radioprotection to
DNA and membranes against radiation exposure, both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of the extract was possibly
able to prevent a radiation-induced decline in antioxidant enzyme levels. [A2]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - DIABETES
Gotu Kola tablets, dosage 60 mg twice daily for 12 months, is effective in improving the microcirculation in diabetic
microangiopathy and neuropathy, Treatment was well tolerated; no side effects were reported. [Angiology. 2001
Oct;52 Suppl 2:S27-31]
Thirty patients with diabetic microangiopathy were treated for 6 months with total triterpenic fraction of Centella
asiatica (dosage 60 mg twice daily). After six months, there was a significant improvement of microcirculatory
parameter in patients treated with gotu kola. [Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S49-54.]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY, HYPERTENSION
In a study of 94 patients suffered from venous insufficiency of the lower limbs, researchers found improvements in
symptoms of heaviness in the lower limbs and edema in the group treated with titrated extract of gotu kola [11]
Total triterpenic fraction of gotu kola may benefit people with chronic venous hypertension and it may protect the
venous endothelium. The triterpenic fraction is active on connective tissue modulation, it improves the synthesis of
collagen and other tissue proteins by modulating the action of fibroblasts in the vein wall, and stimulates collagen
remodeling in and around the venous wall. Thus, it may have benefits in venous hypertension and edema or
protection against the deterioration of microcirculation (due to diabetic microangiopathy), but more studies are
needed to confirm this thought/finding. [12]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - WOUND HEALING
Human skin fibroblast culture studies suggest guta kola may benefit people with wounds. Its wound healing action is
found to be related to collagen and fibronectin. [13]
In 1999, a study showed that topical asiaticoside application twice daily for 7 days to excision-type cutaneous
wounds in rats led to increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, namely superoxide dismutase (35%),
catalase (67%), glutathione peroxidase (49%), vitamin E (77%) and ascorbic acid (36%) in newly formed tissues.
These enhanced induction of antioxidant levels may further suggest the benefits of guta kola on wound healing.
[14] On the other hand, asiaticoside was found to induce cell-cycle progression, proliferation and collagen
synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. This may be another way how guta kola benefit the wound healing process.
Again, clinical studies are needed to support this potential benefits. [15]
In a study of rats suffered from gastric ulcer, the healing effect (the reduction of the ulcer size) of gotu kola water
extract/asiaticoside was dose-dependent. The healing effect seems to be related to NO synthesis inhibition. [17]
Furthermore, gotu kola juice was found to increase mucin secretion in rats, this may offer protection from ethanol-,
aspirin, cold-restraint stress- and pyloric ligation. [18]On the other hand, gotu kola water extract and asiaticoside
was found to upregulate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in ulcer tissue of rats suffered from gastric
ulcers. [19]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - ANTI-HSV-II
Aqueous extract of gotu kola was found to be high effective on inhibition of HSV-II. [16]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - CANCER
Gotu Kola is believed to have many benefits on patients suffered from cancers; at least, it enhanced the anti-tumor
activities of vincristine in cell studies [17]
SKIN CANCER
A study demonstrated that asiatic acid (gotu kola) could induce apoptosis of SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells via
generation of ROS, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3, but p53-independent. Consequently,
asiatic acid (gotu kola) may have potential health benefits on human skin cancer. [18]
GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA
A Japanese scientist prepared methanol extract from the aerial parts of gotu kola. This extract contained ursolic
acid lactone, ursolic acid, pomolic acid, 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-epimaslinic acid, asiatic
acid, corosolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. They found that all these compounds from gotu kola had antiproliferative
activities against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1), human uterine carcinoma (HeLa), and murine melanoma
(B16F10) cells was estimated. [19]
UTERINE CARCINOMA
Yoshida M et al, Fukuoka University, Japan prepared methanol extract from the aerial parts of gotu kola. This gotu
kola extract contained ursolic acid lactone, ursolic acid, pomolic acid, 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic
acid, 3-epimaslinic acid, asiatic acid, corosolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. They found that all these compounds had
antiproliferative activities against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1), human uterine carcinoma (HeLa), and
murine melanoma (B16F10) cells was estimated. [20]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - HEART / LiVER
Gnanapragasam A et al, University of Madras, India, found that pre-co-treatment with gotu kola (200 mg/kg of body
wt/oral) extract significantly prevented the alterations of the levels of serum makers LDH, CPK, GOT and GPT for
myocardial damage as well as several important antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST during the
treatment of adriamycin. [21]
Ming ZJ et al, Suzhou University, Jiangsu, found that total glucosides of gotu kola could improve the liver functions
(in terms of serum ALT, AST, HA) as well as liver fibrosis during the treatment with dimethylnitrosamine in animal
studies. [22]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - NEURON PROTECTION
How does gotu benefit conditions like Alzheimer's Disease? Here are some answers:
Lee MK et al, Seoul National University, Korea, modified the chemical structure of asiatic acid (from gotu kola) and
obtained 36 derivatives and they found three derivatives significantly mitigated the neurotoxicity induced by
glutamate in their screening system. The neuroprotective activities of these 3 derivatives appeared to be more
powerful than that of asiatic acid itself. These 3 derivatives significantly attenuated decreases in the levels of
glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and other enzymes, which participate in the cellular defense mechanisms
blunting oxidative stress. Furthermore, they also significantly reduced the overproduction of NO induced by
glutamate. [Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2000 Jul-Aug;108(1-2):75-86]
Considering, oxidative stress or an impaired endogenous anti-oxidant mechanism is an important factor for
Alzheimer's disease and Intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (IS) in rats has been likened to sporadic Alzheimer's
disease in humans, Veerendra Kumar MH et al, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, studied the effect of an
aqueous extract of gotu kola on IS- rats. They found that rats treated with gotu kola showed a dose-dependent
increase in cognitive behaviour. They concluded that aqueous extract of C. asiatica is effective in preventing the
cognitive deficits, as well as the oxidative stress, caused by Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) streptozotocin in rats.
[Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003 May-Jun;30(5-6):336-42]
GOTU KOLA BENEFITS - RADIATION
Sharma et al, University of Rajasthan, India, found gotu kola dose increased the survival time of the mice
significantly, when the mice were irradiated with Co 60 gamma radiation externally. [Phytother Res. 2002
Dec;16(8):785-6]
Potential GOTU KOLA Health Benefits
Potential Benefits on Brain Researchers from Michigan State University showed that the neuroprotective
properties of asiatic acid (a key ingredient from Gotu Kola) might be mediated in part through decreased
blood-brain barrier permeability and reduction in mitochondrial injury in a mouse model of permanent cerebral
ischemia. Asiatic acid significantly reduced the infarct volume by 60% at day 1 and by 26% at day 7 postischemia
and improved neurological outcome at 24 hr postischemia. [A1]
Centella asiatica extract altered amyloid beta pathology in the brains of PSAPP mice and modulating components
of the oxidative stress response that has been implicated in the neurodegenerative changes that occur with
Alzheimer's disease. [A4]
Potential Benefits on Joints Researchers from Centre for Specialised Nutrition demonstrated that Centella
asiatica fraction was able to inhibit the zymosan-induced cartilage degradation in vivo without affecting the
zymosan-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and joint swelling. [A3]
________________________________________________________________________________
Gotu Kola Side Effects??
Some websites say asiaticoside is associated with tumor in an animal study. But an in vitro study indicates
asiaticoside is an anti-tumor agent and enhanced anti-tumor activity of vincristine in the study. [A5] Overdosage of
gotu kola may cause side effects such as headache, stomach upset, nausea, dizziness, and extreme drowsiness.
For details, please, click Gotu Kola Side Effects.
______________________________________________________________________________
Gotu Kola Tea Benefits
Gotu Kola Tea has been claimed to have benefits of enhancing brain and memory functions, treating Alzheimer's
Disease and overcoming stress and fatigue by online venders. Unfortunately, these claims have no or very limited
direct scientific support. Clinical studies or at least more animal studies are needed to verify these gotu kola tea
benefits.
________________________________________________________________________________
Cellulite Hair Loss
Gotu kola benefits, gotu kola side effects
gotu kola reviews and gotu kola dosage updated on October 23, 2011
gotu kola reviews and gotu kola dosage updated on October 23, 2011
 |  |  |  |  |
A1 Krishnamurthy RG, Senut MC, Zemke D, Min J, Frenkel MB, Greenberg EJ, Yu SW, Ahn N, Goudreau J, Kassab M, Panickar KS, Majid A. Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene from Centella
asiatica, is neuroprotective in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res. 2009 Aug 15;87(11):2541-50. A2. Joy J, Nair CK. Protection of DNA and membranes from
gamma-radiation induced damages by Centella asiatica. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;61(7):941-7. A3 Hartog A, Smit HF, van der Kraan PM, Hoijer MA, Garssen J. In vitro and in vivo
modulation of cartilage degradation by a standardized Centella asiatica fraction.Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2009 Jun;234(6):617-23. Epub 2009 Mar 23. [A4] Dhanasekaran M, Holcomb LA, Hitt
AR, Tharakan B, Porter JW, Young KA, Manyam BV. Centella asiatica extract selectively decreases amyloid beta levels in hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease animal model. Phytother Res.
2009 Jan;23(1):14-9. [A5] Huang YH, Zhang SH, Zhen RX, Xu XD, Zhen YS. Asiaticoside inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and enhancing anti-tumor activity of vincristine. Ai Zheng. 2004
Dec;23(12):1599-604.1. RATSIMAMANGA AR et al., Therapie. 1956;11(1):125-49. 2. RATSIMAMANGA AR et al., Lyon Med. 1957 Apr 28;89(17):389-95. 3. RATSIMAMANGA AR et al., Presse
Med. 1958 Dec 6;66(86):1933 passim. 4. Fubcato M., Minerva Chir. 1960 Nov 30;15:1235-8. 5. Antonellic NS, Prensa Med Argent. 1961 Nov 24;48:3154-6. 6. RAHANDRAHA T et al, Ann Pharm
Fr. 1963 Apr;21:313-20. 7. RAHANDRAHA T et al, Ann Pharm Fr. 1963 Jul-Aug;21:561-7. 8. Boiteau P et al, C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 1967 Jan 9;264(2):407-10. 9. Park BC et
al, Cancer Lett. 2005 Jan 31;218(1):81-90 10 [Jayashree G et alFitoterapia. 2003 Jul;74(5):431-4]. [11] Angiology. 1987 Jan;38(1 Pt 1):46-50]. [12] Incandela L et al Angiology. 2001 Oct;52
Suppl 2:S9-13, Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S61-7, Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S55-9, Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S49-54][13] Tenni R et al Ital J Biochem. 1988
Mar-Apr;37(2):69-77].[14] Shukla et al Phytother Res. 1999 Feb;13(1):50-4][15] Lu L et alInt J Dermatol. 2004 Nov;43(11):801-7].[16] J Tradit Chin Med. 1989 Jun;9(2):113-6][17] Guo JS et
al,Planta Med. 2004 Dec;70(12):1150-4]. [18] Indian J Exp Biol. 2001 Feb;39(2):137-42].19] Life Sci. 2004 Mar 19;74(18):2237-49][17] Huang YH et al Ai Zheng. 2004 Dec;23(12):1599-604][18]
Park BC et alCancer Lett. 2005 Jan 31;218(1):81-90]. [19] Yoshida M et al Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jan;28(1):173-5][20] Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jan;28(1):173-5][21] Life Sci. 2004 Dec
17;76(5):585-97][22] Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2004 Aug;24(8):731-4].
asiatica, is neuroprotective in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res. 2009 Aug 15;87(11):2541-50. A2. Joy J, Nair CK. Protection of DNA and membranes from
gamma-radiation induced damages by Centella asiatica. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;61(7):941-7. A3 Hartog A, Smit HF, van der Kraan PM, Hoijer MA, Garssen J. In vitro and in vivo
modulation of cartilage degradation by a standardized Centella asiatica fraction.Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2009 Jun;234(6):617-23. Epub 2009 Mar 23. [A4] Dhanasekaran M, Holcomb LA, Hitt
AR, Tharakan B, Porter JW, Young KA, Manyam BV. Centella asiatica extract selectively decreases amyloid beta levels in hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease animal model. Phytother Res.
2009 Jan;23(1):14-9. [A5] Huang YH, Zhang SH, Zhen RX, Xu XD, Zhen YS. Asiaticoside inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and enhancing anti-tumor activity of vincristine. Ai Zheng. 2004
Dec;23(12):1599-604.1. RATSIMAMANGA AR et al., Therapie. 1956;11(1):125-49. 2. RATSIMAMANGA AR et al., Lyon Med. 1957 Apr 28;89(17):389-95. 3. RATSIMAMANGA AR et al., Presse
Med. 1958 Dec 6;66(86):1933 passim. 4. Fubcato M., Minerva Chir. 1960 Nov 30;15:1235-8. 5. Antonellic NS, Prensa Med Argent. 1961 Nov 24;48:3154-6. 6. RAHANDRAHA T et al, Ann Pharm
Fr. 1963 Apr;21:313-20. 7. RAHANDRAHA T et al, Ann Pharm Fr. 1963 Jul-Aug;21:561-7. 8. Boiteau P et al, C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 1967 Jan 9;264(2):407-10. 9. Park BC et
al, Cancer Lett. 2005 Jan 31;218(1):81-90 10 [Jayashree G et alFitoterapia. 2003 Jul;74(5):431-4]. [11] Angiology. 1987 Jan;38(1 Pt 1):46-50]. [12] Incandela L et al Angiology. 2001 Oct;52
Suppl 2:S9-13, Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S61-7, Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S55-9, Angiology. 2001 Oct;52 Suppl 2:S49-54][13] Tenni R et al Ital J Biochem. 1988
Mar-Apr;37(2):69-77].[14] Shukla et al Phytother Res. 1999 Feb;13(1):50-4][15] Lu L et alInt J Dermatol. 2004 Nov;43(11):801-7].[16] J Tradit Chin Med. 1989 Jun;9(2):113-6][17] Guo JS et
al,Planta Med. 2004 Dec;70(12):1150-4]. [18] Indian J Exp Biol. 2001 Feb;39(2):137-42].19] Life Sci. 2004 Mar 19;74(18):2237-49][17] Huang YH et al Ai Zheng. 2004 Dec;23(12):1599-604][18]
Park BC et alCancer Lett. 2005 Jan 31;218(1):81-90]. [19] Yoshida M et al Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jan;28(1):173-5][20] Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jan;28(1):173-5][21] Life Sci. 2004 Dec
17;76(5):585-97][22] Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2004 Aug;24(8):731-4].
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This website discusses the benefits and side effects of various supplements, herbs and drug products. Different side effects to FDA, its website
is www.fda.gov., or report the adverse side effects to the manufacturer, you should be able to find the contact information on the label.
There are always new information. Please, send me an email (zhion@zhion.com) to correct my mistake(s). Reasonable care has been taken in
preparing this document and the information provided herein is believed to be accurate. The information is not intended to be a substitute for
professional medical advice. It is important to seek the advice of a physician about any medical condition or symptom or the benefits and side
effects of a supplement or a drug product. Finally, please, do not transfer the article to other website. Thank you. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
is www.fda.gov., or report the adverse side effects to the manufacturer, you should be able to find the contact information on the label.
There are always new information. Please, send me an email (zhion@zhion.com) to correct my mistake(s). Reasonable care has been taken in
preparing this document and the information provided herein is believed to be accurate. The information is not intended to be a substitute for
professional medical advice. It is important to seek the advice of a physician about any medical condition or symptom or the benefits and side
effects of a supplement or a drug product. Finally, please, do not transfer the article to other website. Thank you. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.