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COLOSTRUM
BENEFITS SIDE EFFECTS AND COMPOSITION    
  
WHAT IS COLOSTRUM? Colostrum is the first
collection of a thick creamy liquid, without blood or
infection, produced by the mammary gland of a
parturient mother shortly after birth, usually within the
first 6 hours.  Colostrum is very important part of
breast milk and lays down the immune system and
confers growth factors and other protective factors for
the young ones in mammals. This is the source of
passive immunity achieved by the mother and is
transferred to the baby. This is the major source of
secretory IgA and gives protection against
gastrointestinal infections.

WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE BENEFITS OF
COLOSTRUM? Colostrum is known to have benefits
such as  passive immunization, benefits
immunodeficient patients. The feasibility of obtaining
surface immunoglobulin suitable for oral use, which
may in future be administered to immunodeficient
patients with gastrointestinal manifestations, from
human colostrum and milk. [3]

Human and bovine colostrums have many similarities
barring that bovine colostrum can be obtained in large
quantity, so bovine colostrum may be as beneficial as
human colostrum on various disorders in human
beings. [2] TSome research studies on the benefits of
colostrum are summarized as below:

Lactoferrin (LF) exhibits antibacterial, antifungal,
antiviral, antiparasitice, and antitumoral activities. It is
protective with regard to intestinal epithelium,
promotes bone growth, and accelerates the recovery
of immune system function in immunocompromised
animals. Lactoferrin (LF) was tried in the treatment of
hepatitis C infection and the intestinal form of
graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). [5]

A proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) demonstrated a
variety of immunotropic functions, including the
promotion of T-cell maturation and inhibition of
autoimmune disorders. PRP, in the form of chewable
tablets (Colostrinin) was recently found to improve or
stabilize the health status of Alzheimer's disease
patients. [5]

Casein and casein-derived peptides showed
protective activities in enamel demineralization and
as caries-preventing agents. The protein hydrolyzates
were also protective in diabetic animals, reduced
tumor growth, had antihypertensive activity and
diminished colicky symptoms in infants.

Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a peptide derived from
kappa-casein, exhibited various antibacterial and
antithrombotic activities.

Alpha-lactalbumin (LA) demonstrated antiviral,
antitumoral and anti-stress properties. LA-enriched
diets were anxiolytic, lowered blood pressure in rats,
prevented diarrhea, and led to a better weight gain in
malnourished children.

HAMLET, a complex of LA and oleic acid, was
effective in patients with cutaneous papillomas.
Lysozyme found application in infant formulas, the
treatment of periodentitis, and the prevention of tooth
decay. Milk enriched in lysozyme was used in feeding
premature infants suffering from concomitant
diseases. Interesting, antibacterial properties were
exhibited by lactoperoxidase. Both lysozyme and
lactoperoxidase required cooperative action with LF
in combating bacteria. [5]

Antioxdants Researchers found that colostrum
contains a lot of different types of anti-oxidants. In the
study, colostral concentrations of antioxidant vitamins
E, C, and A were 21.34 +/- 8.47, 148.92 +/- 43.64,
0.79 +/- 0.42 micromol/l, respectively. The antioxidant
minerals copper, zinc, and iron contents were 19.17
+/- 11.73, 63.69 +/- 12.82, 11.44 +/- 1.46 micromol/l,
respectively. Maternal characteristics did not have
any influence on the colostral micronutrients. [7] On
the other hand, a study has shown a correlation
between antioxidant (pro-)vitamin intakes during
pregnancy (third trimester) and ORAC values of
colostrum and transitional milk (both p < 0.05), but not
with ORAC values of mature milk. Thus, women's
dietary habits during pregnancy and lactation is
importnat for the total antioxidant capacity of breast
milk. [10]

Fatty Acids In addition to the antioxidant levels,
researchers also found that geographic differences in
maternal dietary composition could  impact the fatty
acid composition of human colostrum.  For example,
the contents of docosahexaenoic acid,
eicosapentaenoic acid and total n-3 long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.6, 0.4 and 1.4 wt.%)
were higher in Australian than in European samples.
While, Colostrum of Australian women contained a
low polyunsaturated/saturated and n-6/n-3 long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids ratios (0.28 and 1.58) and
a low contents of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids
(7.8 and 0.4 wt.%).
The contents of essential fatty acids, saturates and
polyunsaturates were similar in the southern
European countries Spain, Slovenia and France.  [11]

WHAT HAVE BEEN FOUND ABOUT
COLOSTRUM RECENTLY?
The specific IgG from colostral antibodies of
immunized bovine can provide effective protection or
therapy for multibacteria-induced diarrhea.
Researchers generated bovine colostral antibodies of
cows immunized with a multivalent vaccine consisting
of whole cells of 17 strains of pathogenic diarrhea
bacteria, and they purified the specific IgG with high
activities against these pathogens.

They demonstrated that specific IgG has a strong
activity of inhibiting in vitro growth and colonization in
pathogens by agglutinating with bacteria and
destroying cell walls. Normal IgG purified from
non-immunized bovine colostrum is incapable of
eliciting the same consequences as specific IgG.
Specific IgG prevents enteroinvasive Escherichia
coli/Salmonella typhi-induced diarrhea and may exert
an effective protection by enhancing splenic NK cell
activity, elevating IL-2 level and inhibiting excessive
release of TNF-alpha in mice.  [1]

Iimmunoglobulin (SIg)A prepared from colostrum pool
greatly inhibit the invasion of enteroinvasive E. coli
Researchers obtained  IgA preparations from
colostrum and milk pools by salt precipitation. They
evaluated the final products in terms of yield and
purity, as well as antibody activity to bacterial
antigens and toxins and inhibitory activity of bacterial
adhesion to epithelial cells. They used the colostrum
pool with the best yield and purity as a source of IgA.
They found that their IgA preparations preserved the
antibody reactivity against various microbial antigens,
well comparable with the reactivity exhibited by the
original milk and colostrum pools. SIgA preparations
were able to inhibit greatly the adhesion of
enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to Hep-2 cells and
the invasion of enteroinvasive E. coli.  [3]

Colostrum contains Ghrelin; research finds.
Ghrelin stimulates appetite by acting on the
hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. The presence pf
Ghrelin in blood stream under fasting conditions may
transmit a hunger signal to the CNS or induces
appetite stimulating effect.
.
Ghrelin and its mRNA have been found in numerous
human tissues including breast. A research team
compared the ghrelin levels in colostrum, mature and
transitional milk and plasma in lactating women with
plasma samples from non-lactating women. The
researchers collected colostrum, transitional and
mature milk samples just before suckling. They found
that the ghrelin levels in colostrum, transitional and
mature milk were elavated concomitantly with
increasing plasma ghrelin after delivery. However, the
origin of milk ghrelin is not known, but it probably
comes from the plasma. [4]

Colostrum stimulates directly to i-IEL to polarize Th1
type, which may protect from infectious diseases and
allergic diseases mediated by Th2 type responses.
Researchers examined effects of oral administration
of bovine colostrum on local immunity in intestine in
adult mice. They supplied bovine colostrum or control
milk orally to C57BL/6 mice for 1, 3 or 6 months. They
then examined the intestinal microflora, fecal IgA, and
lymphocyte population of gut-associated lymphoid
tissues and their abilities of cytokine production.

Th1 stimulus for Th2-skewed immune response
during infancy is important for reduction of incidence
of allergic diseases.  The researchers found that the T
cells in i-IEL were polarized to Th1 type after oral
administration of bovine colostrum, though the cell
populations of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes
(i-IEL) were not remarkably changed.  And, oral
administration of bovine colostrum does not change
the Intestinal microflora and IgA levels in feces. [6]

Maternal vaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal
polysaccharide vaccine boosts the capacity of
colostrum to inhibit adherence of pneumococci to
pharyngeal epithelial cells. In breast-feeding
populations, maternal vaccination might prevent
pneumococcal disease in young infants.
Researchers examined Colostrum obtained from
Gambian mothers who had been vaccinated with
either Pneumovax II or Mengivax A&C (n=8 per
group) during pregnancy  for inhibition of adherence
of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6B and 14
to pharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro. They found that
pneumococcal adherence was significantly reduced
in the presence of breast milk (P< or =.0001 for S.
pneumoniae serotype 14; P=.036 for serotype 6B),
independent of the concentration of secretory IgA
antibodies. [8]

Bovine colostrum (BC) has been shown to improve
athletic performance, reduce the incidence of upper
respiratory tract infections, and reduce intestinal
damage and permeability caused by the
administration of non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs. Research scientists found that
Supplementation with Bovine colostrum (BC) and
whey protein during running training increases
intestinal permeability in a study of 31 healthy
subjects [9]

Human colostrum is a source of probiotics to infant
during breastfeeding. Researchers analyzed 70
samples of milked human colostrum and they found  
several classical groups of microorganisms:
mesophylic (68.6%); thermoduric (38.6%);
psychrotrophic (8.6%); proteolytic (15.7%);
proteolytic-psychrotrophic (1,4%); lipolytic (4.3%);
molds and yeasts (11.4%); Staphylococcus aureus
(44.3%); total coliforms (7.2%); and lactic acid
bacteria (37.2%), thus characterizing a diversified
microbiota [13]

Colostrinin, a proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP)
isolated from bovine colostrum, with
immunoregulatory and procognitive properties, has
shown positive benefits in the treatment of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a study, researchers
treated 33 patients with Colostrinin tablets (containing
100 mg of PRP complex) every other day for three
weeks, followed by a 2-week hiatus to avoid the
development of hyporeactivity.  This mode of
application, '3+2 weeks,' was used consistently
throughout the 28 months trial. Researchers found
Colostrinin induced slight but statistically significant
improvement or stabilization of the health status of the
patients in the trial. The side effects were emarkably
mild, including anxiety, logorrhea, and insomnia, and
subsided spontaneously within a short period of time
(3-4 days). [12]


THE SIDE EFFECTS OF COLOSTRUM
Colostrum appears to be safe. But, long term use
may induce mild side effects such as anxiety,
logorrhea, and insomnia, and subsided
spontaneously within a short period of time (3-4
days). [12]

THIS ARTICLE IS FOR YOUR INFORMATION ONLY. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, YOU SHOULD
CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY. ALL RIGHT RESERVED 2005 ZHION INC. DO NOT
COPY NOR TRANSFER THIS ARTICLE TO OTHER WEB-SITES OR OTHER TYPE OF PUBLICATION.

REFERENCE [1]  Xu LB et al, Bovine immune colostrum against 17 strains of diarrhea bacteria and in vitro
and in vivo effects of its specific IgG.Vaccine. 2005 Nov 15. [2] Thapa BR.Health factors in colostrum.Indian J
Pediatr. 2005 Jul;72(7):579-81.[3] Carbonare CB et al, Secretory immunoglobulin A obtained from pooled
human colostrum and milk for oral passive immunization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005 Nov;16(7):574-81[4]  
Aydin S, Aydin S, Ozkan Y, Kumru S.. Ghrelin is present in human colostrum, transitional and mature
milk.Peptides. 2005 Sep 24; .[5] Zimecki M, Artym J.Therapeutic properties of proteins and peptides from
colostrum and milkPostepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2005 Jun 30;59:309-23.  [6] Yoshioka Y et al, Oral
administration of bovine colostrum stimulates intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes to polarize Th1-type in
mice.Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 Mar;5(3):581-90. [7]  Ahmed L, et al, Antioxidant micronutrient profile
(vitamin E, C, A, copper, zinc, iron) of colostrum: association with maternal characteristics.J Trop Pediatr.
2004 Dec;50(6):357-8. [8] Deubzer HE et al, Colostrum obtained from women vaccinated with pneumococcal
vaccine during pregnancy inhibits epithelial adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae.J Infect Dis. 2004 Nov
15;190(10):1758-61. Epub 2004 Oct 7. [9]Buckley JD et al, Bovine colostrum and whey protein supplementation
during running training increase intestinal permeability.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(Suppl):S81. [10]  
Alberti-Fidanza A et al, Total antioxidant capacity of colostrum, and transitional and mature human milk.J
Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002 Apr;11(4):275-9. [11] Fidler N et al, The fatty acid composition of human
colostrum.Eur J Nutr. 2000 Feb;39(1):31-7.
[12] Leszek J et  al, Colostrinin proline-rich polypeptide complex from ovine colostrum--a long-term study of its
efficacy in Alzheimer's disease.Med Sci Monit. 2002 Oct;8(10):PI93-6.  [13]  Novak FR et al, Human
colostrum: a natural source of probiotics?J Pediatr (Rio J). 2001 Jul-Aug;77(4):265-70.

THIS ARTICLE IS FOR YOUR REFERENCE ONLY. IF YOU HAVE
ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE, CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR. ALL
RIGHT RESERVED
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