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Zhion.com
a site to share health knowledge
CLA
weight loss supplement, health benefits and side
effects, benefits

CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) is a free fatty derived from
safflower oil. CLA is a group of positional and geometric
isomers of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 cis-9, cis-12).

Marketers promote CLA as weight loss products i.e.
reduction of body fat but increase of muscle tone.  They
also suggest healthy diet and exercise program for best
results. Commercial products include Tonalin. CLA may
offer benefits in lowering the risks of atherosclerosis and
cancers.  

SOURCES OF CLA

CLA is found mainly in dairy products, beef, poultry, eggs,
and corn oil. Bacteria that live in the intestine of humans
can convert linoleic acid to CLA. The source of CLA for
some supplements are derived from safflower oil. Most
brands of CLA on the market today contain 70% CLA; with
no trans-fats present.

CLA BENEFITS

CLA is an antioxidant and it has multiple health benefits on
various chronic diseases including atherosclerosis and
cancer.

BENEFITS ON CHOLESTEROL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS

CLA has antiatherosclerotic and antioxidant activity by
increasing oxidative stability in plasma and hepatic
membrane in the vitamin E-deficient rats [8]  Individual
CLA isomers was shown to reduce atherosclerotic lesion
development in hamsters .  [9]  CLA reduced apoB100
production and the levels of VLDL and LDL in some
studies. Thus, CLA reduced the risk of developing
cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis .  [15-17]

CLA may reduce cancer risks.

various studies have demonstrated  that CLA may reduce
the risk of several types of cancers including breast,
prostate, colorectal, lung, skin, and stomach. [10-15]

What benefits does CLA provide on immune functions?
CLA improved performance, lymphocyte proliferation, and
increased the CD8+ lymphocyte population, while reduced
the production of PGE2 and interleukin-lbeta (IL- 1beta).
Supplementation of CLA enhanced lymphocyte
proliferation function, possibly by regulating the PGE2
production, and improved growth performance of pigs. [15]

What benefits does CLA provide on weight management?
CLA supplementation improved glucose tolerance in an
animal study. [16] A few studies suggest CLA a effective
way on reduction of body fat. In studies, CLA significantly
reduced percent body fat, but did not significantly reduce
body weight [17, 18]

SIDE EFFECTS of CLA

High dose of CLA have serious side effects for overweight
subjects. CLA may increase the risk for heart disease,
steatosis (fatty liver) [1, 6, 7]. In a study, overweight
volunteers who took 4.5 grams of CLA daily for one year
had an increase in their blood levels of lipoprotein(a), a
risk factor for heart disease. [1]

Daily of 3 grams of CLA treatment for 3 months was found
to reduce the insulin sensitivity in overweight men. [2] CLA
feeding also  promoted insulin resistance in obese and
diabetic mice. [3] Another study of people with type 2
diabetes showed supplementing with 3 grams of CLA daily
for eight weeks significantly increased blood glucose
levels by 6.3%. [4] However, one study showed 4 grams of
CLA daily for eight weeks improved insulin sensitivity of
young men. [5]

Because of the potential side effects of CLA for long term
use, users should not excess the recommended dose and
use it under doctors' advise.

I'd rather control diet and exercise to loss weight.
CLA may be used as supplement. But, we should talk
to our doctor before trying any supplements and
medications!

                                    

THIS CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID (CLA) ARTICLE IS
FOR YOUR REFERNCE ONLY. IF YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTION ABOUT CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID (CLA)  
OR YOUR HEALTH , PLEASE,  CONSULT WITH YOUR
DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY.    ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2008



REFERENCE
[1] Gaullier JM et al. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y
reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr
2004;79:1118?25.][2]  Riserus U et al Effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated
linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and
proinflammatory markers in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:279?83] [3]
Ohashi A et al, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Conjugated linoleic
acid deteriorates insulin resistance in obese/diabetic mice in association with
decreased production of adiponectin and leptin. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo).
2004 Dec;50(6):416-21 [4]Moloney F, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid
supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients
with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:887-95][5] Eyjolfson V,
et al. Conjugated linoleic acid improves insulin sensitivity in young, sedentary
humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:814?20 [6] Clement L et al, Ecole
Nationale Superieure de Biologie Appliquee a la Nutrition et a l'Alimentation,
France, J Lipid Res. 2002 Sep;43(9):1400-9.][7] Poirier H et al, University of
Burgundy, France, Hyperinsulinaemia triggered by dietary conjugated linoleic
acid is associated with a decrease in leptin and adiponectin plasma levels
and pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia in the mouse. Diabetologia. 2005 May 3;
2005.[8] Kim HK et  al, Korea Food Research Institute, Dietary conjugated
linoleic acid reduces lipid peroxidation by increasing oxidative stability in
rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2005 Feb;51(1):8-15. [9] Mitchell PL et al,
Dalhousie University, Canada, Effect of conjugated linoleic acid CLA isomers
on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in the Syrian Golden hamster. Biochim
Biophys Acta. 2005 May 23 2005. [10] Cesano A et al. Opposite effects of
linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid on human prostatic cancer in SCID
mice. Anticancer Res 1998;18:1429-34. [11] Thompson H et al.
Morphological and biochemical status of the mammary gland as influenced
by conjugated linoleic acid: implication for a reduction in mammary cancer
risk. Cancer Res 1997;57:5067-72.[12] Ip C. Review of the effects of trans fatty
acids, oleic acid, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic
acid on mammary carcinogenesis in animals. Am J Clin Nutr
1997;66(suppl):1523S-29S [review]. [13] Parodi PW. Cows? milk fat
components as potential anticarcinogenic agents. J Nutr 1997;127:1055-60
[review].[14] Miglietta A University of Torino, Italy, Conjugated linoleic acid
induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through ERK/MAPK
signalling and mitochondrial pathway. Cancer Lett. 2005 May 7; 2005][15]
Lim DY et al, Hallym University. Korea, Inhibition of colon cancer cell
proliferation by the dietary compound conjugated linoleic acid is mediated by
the CDK inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1). J Cell Physiol. 2005 May 5; 2005 [15] Pal
S et al, Curtin University of Technology, Australia, Conjugated linoleic acid
suppresses the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from human HepG2 liver
cells. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(3):269-74. [16] Nicolosi RJ, et al. Dietary
conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early aortic
atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Artery 1997;22:266-77. [17]
Lee KN, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits.
Atherosclerosis 1994;108:19-25. [15] Lai C et al, China Agricultural University,
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on performance
and immune function of weaned pigs. Arch Anim Nutr. 2005 Feb;59(1):41-51.
[16] Houseknecht KL et al. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalizes
impaired glucose tolerance in the Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rat. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 1998;244:678-82] [17]Zheng HC et al, Zhejiang
University, China, Effects of dietary sources of vegetable oils on performance
of high-yielding lactating cows and conjugated linoleic acids in milk. J Dairy
Sci. 2005 Jun;88(6):2037-42.[17] Thom E, Wadstein J, Gudmundsen O.
Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans. J Int
Med Res 2001;29:392-6] [18] Riserus U, Berglund L, Vessby B. Conjugated
linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged
men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Int J
Obes 2001;25:1129-35]