Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Supplements
Acetyl-L Carnitine
Acidophilus
Bladderwrack
Bilberry
Chromium
CLA
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Dandelion
EGCG
Echinacea
Eleuthero
Ellagic Acid
Eve. Primrose Oil
Fish Oil
Flaxseed
Garlic
Ginger
Ginseng
Ginkgo Biloba
Glucosamine
Gotu Kola
Guar Gum
Hyaluronic acid
Lecithin
Lycopene
Milk Thistle
Nattokinase
Passion Flower
Probiotics
Policosanol /
Polycosanol
Pycnogenol
Reishi / Lingzhi
Resveratrol
Rhodiola
Royal Jelly
Stevia
Whey
Xylitol
Supplements
Acetyl-L Carnitine
Acidophilus
Bladderwrack
Bilberry
Chromium
CLA
Cod Liver Oil
Coenzyme Q
Colostrum
Dandelion
EGCG
Echinacea
Eleuthero
Ellagic Acid
Eve. Primrose Oil
Fish Oil
Flaxseed
Garlic
Ginger
Ginseng
Ginkgo Biloba
Glucosamine
Gotu Kola
Guar Gum
Hyaluronic acid
Lecithin
Lycopene
Milk Thistle
Nattokinase
Passion Flower
Probiotics
Policosanol /
Polycosanol
Pycnogenol
Reishi / Lingzhi
Resveratrol
Rhodiola
Royal Jelly
Stevia
Whey
Xylitol
Discuss with your doctor before taking any alternative medicine. This article is for
reference only, it is not a medical advice. All rights reserved. Do not copy this article to
other website or blog.
reference only, it is not a medical advice. All rights reserved. Do not copy this article to
other website or blog.
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Oldenlandia diffusa (Bai Hua She She Cao 白花蛇舌草)
From 1992 to 1996, Wong BY from Loma Linda University has published at least five
articles on how Oldenlandia diffusa potentially inhibited the growth of cancer cells, or
mutagenesis. [1-5]
In 1999, Japanese researchers noticed that Oldenlandia diffusa weakly stimulated on
human lymphocytes in a vitro study. [6]
In 2001, researchers from Hebei Medical University reported that Oldenlandia diffusa
has immuno-modulating activity and anti-tumor activity in vitro through stimulating
the immune system to kill or engulf tumor cells. [7]
Oldenlandia diffusa has been used in Chinese herbal medicine for treating hepatitis
and malignant tumors of the liver, lung and stomach. Researchers found no
antiproliferative effect of the methanol extracts from O. diffusa, while the chloroform
extracts exhibited slightly antiproliferative effects. It is not clear if Oldenlandia diffusa
really has benefit on animals suffered from cancers. [8]
A study conducted by researchers from Kingston University, UK, showed that
Oldenlandia diffusa significantly inhibited the growth of the leukaemic cells (HL60)
and induced apoptosis in a cell cycle-independent fashion, possibly through the
induction of genotoxic damage. Preliminary chemical analysis indicated that a number
of compounds appear to be responsible for the cytotoxic action of Oldenlandia
diffusa. [9]
A study conducted by researchers from National University of Singapore shows that
the ethanol extract of the herb effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly
through burst-mediated caspase activation. [10]
Gupta S, Zhang D, Yi J, Shao J. from St. John's University studied the effect of an
aqueous oldenlandia extract on eight cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. They
found the extract exhibited a strong antiproliferative activity against all cancer cell
lines tested. Oral administration of the herbal extract effectively reduced B16-F10 cell
growth in the lungs of C57Bl/j mice with a 70% reduction in lung metastases without
noticeable adverse side effects. The extract also exhibited minimum toxic effect on
normal pancreatic cells. [11]
Oldenlandia diffusa may also benefit animals suffered from inflammation and arthritis.
Ursolic acid is pentacyclic triterpenoic acid that naturally occurs in many plants
including Oldenlandia diffusa. Researchers showed that ursolic treatment (per oral)
dose-dependently suppressed zymosan-induced leucocyte migration and
prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) production in the air pouch exudates in animal studies
(models of inflammation). Ursolic acid also dramatically inhibited paw swelling, plasma
PGE(2) production and radiological changes in the joint caused by CFA injection (a
model of arthritis). These studies suggest that ursolic acid may benefit animals
especially rats and mice at risk of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. [12]
Oldenlandia diffusa may also benefit animals suffered from high cholesterol.
In 2005, Korean researchers found a few compounds in Oldenlandia diffusa and they
are an iridoid glycoside, oldenlandoside III (5); geniposidic acid (1), scandoside (2),
feretoside (3), 10-omicron-benzoylscandoside methyl ester (4), asperulosidic acid (6)
and deacetylasperulosidic acid (7). Compounds 1, 2, and 7 inhibited LDL-oxidation,
and showed 63.3+/-2.0, 62.2+/-1.6, and 3.8+/-1.5% inhibition, respectively, at a
concentration of 20 microg/mL. [13]
Composition
Researchers from Hong Kong found that the chemical composition of Odenlandiae
varies from source to source, dependent on the habitats. Anyway, the major
ingredients of oldenlandiae are asperuloside, E-6-O-P-coumaroylscandoside methyl
ester and E-6-O- P-coumaroylscandoside methyl ester-10-methyl ether. [14]
In 2007, Zhou YJ et al isolated nine compounds from Odenlandiae and they are 2, 6-
dihydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-3-
methylanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-
sinapoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-
feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-
feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-galactopyranosid
e, quercetin-3-O-(2-O-beta-D-glucop-yranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), rutin and
quercertin.
Researchers also found Oldenlandia herbacea has antioxidant activities.
Researchers showed a potent antioxidant activity of methanol and ethyl acetate
extracts of the whole plant of Oldenlandia herbacea in a hydrogen peroxide method.
[15]
Other Popular Oldenlandia
Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. calycose mille graines
Oldenlandia boscii (DC.) Chapm. Bosc's mille graines
Reference
[1] Wong BY, Lau BH, Teel RW. Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA
binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol and benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-
dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. Cancer Lett. 1992 Feb 29;62(2):123-31. [2] Wong BY, Lau
BH, Tadi PP, Teel RW. Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA binding
and metabolism of aflatoxin B1. Mutat Res. 1992 Jun 1;279(3):209-16. [3] Wong BY,
Lau BH, Yamasaki T, Teel RW. Modulation of cytochrome P-450IA1-mediated
mutagenicity, DNA binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by Chinese medicinal
herbs. Cancer Lett. 1993 Jan 15;68(1):75-82. [4] Wong BY, Lau BH, Yamasaki T, Teel
RW. Inhibition of dexamethasone-induced cytochrome P450-mediated mutagenicity
and metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by Chinese medicinal herbs. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1993
Jul;2(4):351-6. [5] Wong BY, Lau BH, Jia TY, Wan CP. Oldenlandia diffusa and
Scutellaria barbata augment macrophage oxidative burst and inhibit tumor growth.
Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 1996 Feb;11(1):51-6. [6] Shan BE, Yoshida Y, Sugiura T,
Yamashita U. Stimulating activity of Chinese medicinal herbs on human lymphocytes
in vitro. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999 Mar;21(3):149-59. [7] Shan BE, Zhang JY, Du
XN. Immunomodulatory activity and anti-tumor activity of Oldenlandia diffusa in vitro
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2001 May;21(5):370-4. [8] Liang Z, He M, Fong
W, Jiang Z, Zhao Z. A comparable, chemical and pharmacological analysis of the
traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Oldenlandia diffusa and O. corymbosa and a new
valuation of their biological potential. Phytomedicine. 2008 Apr;15(4):259-67. Epub
2008 Mar 12. [9] Willimott S, Barker J, Jones LA, Opara EI. Apoptotic effect of
Oldenlandia diffusa on the leukaemic cell line HL60 and human lymphocytes. J
Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Dec 3;114(3):290-9. Epub 2007 Aug 19. [10] Yadav SK, Lee
SC. Evidence for Oldenlandia diffusa-evoked cancer cell apoptosis through
superoxide burst and caspase activation. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2006 Sep;4(5):
485-9. [11] Gupta S, Zhang D, Yi J, Shao J. Anticancer activities of Oldenlandia diffusa.
J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(1):21-33. [12] Kang SY, Yoon SY, Roh DH, Jeon MJ, Seo
HS, Uh DK, Kwon YB, Kim HW, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Lee JH. The anti-arthritic effect of
ursolic acid on zymosan-induced acute inflammation and adjuvant-induced chronic
arthritis models. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;60(10):1347-54. [13] Kim DH, Lee HJ,
Oh YJ, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Jeong TS, Baek NI. Iridoid glycosides isolated from Oldenlandia
diffusa inhibit LDL-oxidation. Arch Pharm Res. 2005 Oct;28(10):1156-60. [14] Z, Jiang
Z, Ho H, Zhao Z. Comparative analysis of Oldenlandia diffusa and its substitutes by
high performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint and mass spectrometric analysis.
Planta Med. 2007 Nov;73(14):1502-8. Epub 2007 Nov 5. [14] Zhou YJ, Wu KS, Zeng
GY, Tan JB, Xu KP, Li FS, Tan GS. Studies on constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2007 Apr;32(7):590-3. [15] Singaravelu P,
Shrishailappa B, Subban R. In vitro antioxidant activity of Oldenlandia herbacea and
isolation of 9,9-dimethyl hexacosane and 23-ethyl-cholest-23-en-3beta-ol. Nat Prod
Res. 2008;22(17):1510-5.
From 1992 to 1996, Wong BY from Loma Linda University has published at least five
articles on how Oldenlandia diffusa potentially inhibited the growth of cancer cells, or
mutagenesis. [1-5]
In 1999, Japanese researchers noticed that Oldenlandia diffusa weakly stimulated on
human lymphocytes in a vitro study. [6]
In 2001, researchers from Hebei Medical University reported that Oldenlandia diffusa
has immuno-modulating activity and anti-tumor activity in vitro through stimulating
the immune system to kill or engulf tumor cells. [7]
Oldenlandia diffusa has been used in Chinese herbal medicine for treating hepatitis
and malignant tumors of the liver, lung and stomach. Researchers found no
antiproliferative effect of the methanol extracts from O. diffusa, while the chloroform
extracts exhibited slightly antiproliferative effects. It is not clear if Oldenlandia diffusa
really has benefit on animals suffered from cancers. [8]
A study conducted by researchers from Kingston University, UK, showed that
Oldenlandia diffusa significantly inhibited the growth of the leukaemic cells (HL60)
and induced apoptosis in a cell cycle-independent fashion, possibly through the
induction of genotoxic damage. Preliminary chemical analysis indicated that a number
of compounds appear to be responsible for the cytotoxic action of Oldenlandia
diffusa. [9]
A study conducted by researchers from National University of Singapore shows that
the ethanol extract of the herb effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly
through burst-mediated caspase activation. [10]
Gupta S, Zhang D, Yi J, Shao J. from St. John's University studied the effect of an
aqueous oldenlandia extract on eight cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. They
found the extract exhibited a strong antiproliferative activity against all cancer cell
lines tested. Oral administration of the herbal extract effectively reduced B16-F10 cell
growth in the lungs of C57Bl/j mice with a 70% reduction in lung metastases without
noticeable adverse side effects. The extract also exhibited minimum toxic effect on
normal pancreatic cells. [11]
Oldenlandia diffusa may also benefit animals suffered from inflammation and arthritis.
Ursolic acid is pentacyclic triterpenoic acid that naturally occurs in many plants
including Oldenlandia diffusa. Researchers showed that ursolic treatment (per oral)
dose-dependently suppressed zymosan-induced leucocyte migration and
prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) production in the air pouch exudates in animal studies
(models of inflammation). Ursolic acid also dramatically inhibited paw swelling, plasma
PGE(2) production and radiological changes in the joint caused by CFA injection (a
model of arthritis). These studies suggest that ursolic acid may benefit animals
especially rats and mice at risk of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. [12]
Oldenlandia diffusa may also benefit animals suffered from high cholesterol.
In 2005, Korean researchers found a few compounds in Oldenlandia diffusa and they
are an iridoid glycoside, oldenlandoside III (5); geniposidic acid (1), scandoside (2),
feretoside (3), 10-omicron-benzoylscandoside methyl ester (4), asperulosidic acid (6)
and deacetylasperulosidic acid (7). Compounds 1, 2, and 7 inhibited LDL-oxidation,
and showed 63.3+/-2.0, 62.2+/-1.6, and 3.8+/-1.5% inhibition, respectively, at a
concentration of 20 microg/mL. [13]
Composition
Researchers from Hong Kong found that the chemical composition of Odenlandiae
varies from source to source, dependent on the habitats. Anyway, the major
ingredients of oldenlandiae are asperuloside, E-6-O-P-coumaroylscandoside methyl
ester and E-6-O- P-coumaroylscandoside methyl ester-10-methyl ether. [14]
In 2007, Zhou YJ et al isolated nine compounds from Odenlandiae and they are 2, 6-
dihydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-3-
methylanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-
sinapoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-
feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-
feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-galactopyranosid
e, quercetin-3-O-(2-O-beta-D-glucop-yranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), rutin and
quercertin.
Researchers also found Oldenlandia herbacea has antioxidant activities.
Researchers showed a potent antioxidant activity of methanol and ethyl acetate
extracts of the whole plant of Oldenlandia herbacea in a hydrogen peroxide method.
[15]
Other Popular Oldenlandia
Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC. calycose mille graines
Oldenlandia boscii (DC.) Chapm. Bosc's mille graines
Reference
[1] Wong BY, Lau BH, Teel RW. Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA
binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol and benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-
dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. Cancer Lett. 1992 Feb 29;62(2):123-31. [2] Wong BY, Lau
BH, Tadi PP, Teel RW. Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA binding
and metabolism of aflatoxin B1. Mutat Res. 1992 Jun 1;279(3):209-16. [3] Wong BY,
Lau BH, Yamasaki T, Teel RW. Modulation of cytochrome P-450IA1-mediated
mutagenicity, DNA binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by Chinese medicinal
herbs. Cancer Lett. 1993 Jan 15;68(1):75-82. [4] Wong BY, Lau BH, Yamasaki T, Teel
RW. Inhibition of dexamethasone-induced cytochrome P450-mediated mutagenicity
and metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by Chinese medicinal herbs. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1993
Jul;2(4):351-6. [5] Wong BY, Lau BH, Jia TY, Wan CP. Oldenlandia diffusa and
Scutellaria barbata augment macrophage oxidative burst and inhibit tumor growth.
Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 1996 Feb;11(1):51-6. [6] Shan BE, Yoshida Y, Sugiura T,
Yamashita U. Stimulating activity of Chinese medicinal herbs on human lymphocytes
in vitro. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999 Mar;21(3):149-59. [7] Shan BE, Zhang JY, Du
XN. Immunomodulatory activity and anti-tumor activity of Oldenlandia diffusa in vitro
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2001 May;21(5):370-4. [8] Liang Z, He M, Fong
W, Jiang Z, Zhao Z. A comparable, chemical and pharmacological analysis of the
traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Oldenlandia diffusa and O. corymbosa and a new
valuation of their biological potential. Phytomedicine. 2008 Apr;15(4):259-67. Epub
2008 Mar 12. [9] Willimott S, Barker J, Jones LA, Opara EI. Apoptotic effect of
Oldenlandia diffusa on the leukaemic cell line HL60 and human lymphocytes. J
Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Dec 3;114(3):290-9. Epub 2007 Aug 19. [10] Yadav SK, Lee
SC. Evidence for Oldenlandia diffusa-evoked cancer cell apoptosis through
superoxide burst and caspase activation. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2006 Sep;4(5):
485-9. [11] Gupta S, Zhang D, Yi J, Shao J. Anticancer activities of Oldenlandia diffusa.
J Herb Pharmacother. 2004;4(1):21-33. [12] Kang SY, Yoon SY, Roh DH, Jeon MJ, Seo
HS, Uh DK, Kwon YB, Kim HW, Han HJ, Lee HJ, Lee JH. The anti-arthritic effect of
ursolic acid on zymosan-induced acute inflammation and adjuvant-induced chronic
arthritis models. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;60(10):1347-54. [13] Kim DH, Lee HJ,
Oh YJ, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Jeong TS, Baek NI. Iridoid glycosides isolated from Oldenlandia
diffusa inhibit LDL-oxidation. Arch Pharm Res. 2005 Oct;28(10):1156-60. [14] Z, Jiang
Z, Ho H, Zhao Z. Comparative analysis of Oldenlandia diffusa and its substitutes by
high performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint and mass spectrometric analysis.
Planta Med. 2007 Nov;73(14):1502-8. Epub 2007 Nov 5. [14] Zhou YJ, Wu KS, Zeng
GY, Tan JB, Xu KP, Li FS, Tan GS. Studies on constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2007 Apr;32(7):590-3. [15] Singaravelu P,
Shrishailappa B, Subban R. In vitro antioxidant activity of Oldenlandia herbacea and
isolation of 9,9-dimethyl hexacosane and 23-ethyl-cholest-23-en-3beta-ol. Nat Prod
Res. 2008;22(17):1510-5.